On-demand motion of highly swollen polymer systems can be triggered by changes in pH, ion concentrations, or by heat. Here, shape-programmable, architectured hydrogels are introduced, which respond to ultrasonic-cavitation-based mechanical forces (CMF) by directed macroscopic movements. The concept is the implementation and sequential coupling of multiple functions (swellability in water, sensitivity to ultrasound, shape programmability, and shape-memory) in a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (s-IPN). The semi-IPN-based hydrogels are designed to function through rhodium coordination (Rh-s-IPNH). These coordination bonds act as temporary crosslinks. The porous hydrogels with coordination bonds (degree of swelling from 300 ± 10 to 680 ± 60) exhibit tensile strength σmax up to 250 ± 60 kPa. Shape fixity ratios up to 90% and shape recovery ratios up to 94% are reached. Potential applications are switches or mechanosensors.

中文翻译：

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对超声波敏感的形状可编程体系结构水凝胶。

pH，离子浓度或热量的变化均可触发高度溶胀的聚合物系统的按需运动。在这里，介绍了形状可编程的结构化水凝胶，它们通过定向的宏观运动来响应基于超声空化的机械力（CMF）。该概念是半互穿聚合物网络（s-IPN）中多种功能（水中的溶胀性，对超声波的敏感性，形状可编程性和形状记忆）的实现和顺序耦合。基于半IPN的水凝胶经设计可通过铑配位（Rh-s-IPNH）发挥作用。这些配位键充当临时的交叉链接。具有配位键（溶胀度从300±10到680±60）的多孔水凝胶的抗张强度σmax高达250±60 kPa。形状固定率高达90％，形状恢复率高达94％。潜在的应用是开关或机械传感器。