Building societal resilience to climate change depends on increased adaptation. In this Review of scholarship on behavioural adaptation, we find that most empirical studies focus on the affective and cognitive drivers of behaviours with largely private benefits. Few examine behaviours with collective benefits or explore the moderating role of social factors on affective and cognitive cues. We point to cultural evolution and complex adaptive systems as frameworks that can improve our understanding of behaviours that lead to greater societal resilience in the long term. Integrating such research traditions with the socio-psychological perspectives that dominate the literature will ensure that future studies better distinguish the drivers of incremental coping from transformative adaptation.

建立社会应对气候变化的能力取决于适应能力的增强。在关于行为适应的学术综述中，我们发现大多数实证研究都集中在行为和情感驱动力和认知驱动力上，这些行为在很大程度上具有私人利益。很少有人研究具有集体利益的行为，或者探讨社会因素对情感和认知线索的调节作用。我们将文化进化和复杂的适应系统作为框架，可以提高我们对行为的理解，从而从长远来看会带来更大的社会适应力。将这类研究传统与主导文献的社会心理学观点相结合，将确保未来的研究更好地将渐进应对的驱动力与变革性适应的驱动力区分开。