A sensitive and specific nanosensor for monitoring extracellular potassium levels in the brain.,Nature Nanotechnology

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A sensitive and specific nanosensor for monitoring extracellular potassium levels in the brain.
Nature Nanotechnology ( IF 38.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-10 , DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0634-4
Jianan Liu _{1,

2} , Fangyuan Li _{3,

4,

5} , Yi Wang ₆ , Limin Pan ₇ , Peihua Lin _{3,

4} , Bo Zhang ₈ , Yanrong Zheng ₆ , Yingwei Xu ₆ , Hongwei Liao _{3,

4} , Giho Ko _{1,

2} , Fan Fei ₆ , Cenglin Xu ₆ , Yang Du _{3,

4} , Kwangsoo Shin _{1,

2} , Dokyoon Kim _{1,

9} , Sung-Soo Jang ₁₀ , Hee Jung Chung ₁₀ , He Tian ₁₁ , Qi Wang ₈ , Wei Guo ₁₂ , Jwa-Min Nam ₇ , Zhong Chen _{3,

6} , Taeghwan Hyeon _{1,

2} , Daishun Ling _{3,

4,

5}

Affiliation

Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Bionano Engineering and Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Center of Electron Microscope, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Material, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Extracellular potassium concentration affects the membrane potential of neurons, and, thus, neuronal activity. Indeed, alterations of potassium levels can be related to neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease, and, therefore, selectively detecting extracellular potassium would allow the monitoring of disease. However, currently available optical reporters are not capable of detecting small changes in potassium, in particular, in freely moving animals. Furthermore, they are susceptible to interference from sodium ions. Here, we report a highly sensitive and specific potassium nanosensor that can monitor potassium changes in the brain of freely moving mice undergoing epileptic seizures. An optical potassium indicator is embedded in mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which are shielded by an ultrathin layer of a potassium-permeable membrane, which prevents diffusion of other cations and allows the specific capturing of potassium ions. The shielded nanosensor enables the spatial mapping of potassium ion release in the hippocampus of freely moving mice.

中文翻译：

一种灵敏而特殊的纳米传感器，用于监测大脑中的细胞外钾水平。

细胞外钾浓度影响神经元的膜电位，从而影响神经元活性。实际上，钾水平的改变可能与神经系统疾病有关，例如癫痫病和阿尔茨海默氏病，因此，选择性检测细胞外钾可监测疾病。但是，当前可用的光学报告分子不能检测钾的微小变化，特别是在自由移动的动物中。此外，它们容易受到钠离子的干扰。在这里，我们报告了一种高度灵敏和特异的钾纳米传感器，该传感器可以监测经历癫痫发作的自由移动小鼠的大脑中钾的变化。光学钾指示剂嵌入中孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒中，它们被钾可渗透膜的超薄层所屏蔽，可防止其他阳离子扩散并允许钾离子的特异性捕获。屏蔽的纳米传感器可以对自由移动的小鼠海马中钾离子的释放进行空间定位。

更新日期：2020-02-10

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