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Dual-self-recognizing, stimulus-responsive and carrier-free methotrexate-mannose conjugate nanoparticles with highly synergistic chemotherapeutic effects.
Journal of Materials Chemistry B ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-04 , DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00049c
Zhongxiong Fan 1 , Yinqiang Wang 1 , Sijin Xiang 2 , Wenbao Zuo 3 , Doudou Huang 4 , Beili Jiang 1 , Heng Sun 1 , Wen Yin 5 , Liya Xie 6 , Zhenqing Hou 1
Affiliation  

Carrier-free nanoparticles (NPs) via chemotherapeutic drug-drug conjugate assembly are a promising alternative for tumor chemotherapy. However, these NPs are still hindered via their nonspecific internalization into certain healthy cells and tissues. Herein, dual-acting methotrexate (MTX) and mannose (MAN) were conjugated via a hydrolyzable ester bond to synthesize a MTX-MAN conjugate as one molecule, which could be directly self-assembled into stimulus-responsive carrier-free NPs (MTX-MAN NPs) in aqueous solution. Such carrier-free MTX-MAN NPs with an accurate drug to sugar ratio could achieve on-demand drug release by dual stimuli of lysosomal acidity and esterase. Besides, MTX-MAN NPs could be dual-recognized by tumor cells in vitro and specifically by tumors in vivo. Moreover, the large proportion of MAN located on the NPs' surface could exert a shielding effect to avoid phagocytosis of macrophages, leading to long blood circulation. Therefore, the MTX-MAN NPs sharply reduced the drug dosage and decreased the toxicity to normal cells and tissues. Further in vitro and in vivo studies consistently confirmed that the MTX-MAN NPs exhibited superior tumor accumulation and highly synergistic chemotherapeutic effects. Furthermore, we found for the first time that MAN could enhance the antitumor activity of MTX. Considering that bi-functional MTX and MAN are approved via the FDA, and MAN is highly biosafe, the dual-self-recognizing, stimulus-responsive, and carrier-free MTX-MAN NPs might be a simple, selective, and safe chemotherapeutic strategy.

中文翻译:

具有高度协同化学治疗作用的双重自我识别,刺激响应和无载体的甲氨蝶呤-甘露糖缀合物纳米颗粒。

通过化疗药物-药物偶联物组装的无载体纳米颗粒(NPs)是肿瘤化学疗法的有希望的替代方法。但是,这些NP仍通过非特异性内化进入某些健康细胞和组织而受到阻碍。在此,通过可水解的酯键将双作用甲氨蝶呤(MTX)和甘露糖(MAN)共轭,以合成一个分子的MTX-MAN共轭物,该分子可以直接自组装成无刺激反应的载体NP(MTX-水溶液中的MAN NPs)。这种具有精确的糖比的无载体MTX-MAN NPs可以通过溶酶体酸度和酯酶的双重刺激实现按需释放药物。此外,MTX-MAN NPs可以在体外被肿瘤细胞双重识别,特别是在体内被肿瘤双重识别。而且,大部分的MAN位于NP上 表面可发挥屏蔽作用,避免巨噬细胞的吞噬作用,从而导致长时间的血液循环。因此,MTX-MAN NPs大大降低了药物剂量,并降低了对正常细胞和组织的毒性。进一步的体外和体内研究一致证实,MTX-MAN NPs表现出优异的肿瘤蓄积性和高度协同的化学治疗作用。此外,我们首次发现MAN可以增强MTX的抗肿瘤活性。考虑到双功能MTX和MAN已通过FDA批准,并且MAN具有高度生物安全性,因此双重自我识别,刺激响应和无载体的MTX-MAN NP可能是一种简单,选择性和安全的化疗策略。MTX-MAN NPs大大减少了药物用量,并降低了对正常细胞和组织的毒性。进一步的体外和体内研究一致证实,MTX-MAN NPs表现出优异的肿瘤蓄积性和高度协同的化学治疗作用。此外,我们首次发现MAN可以增强MTX的抗肿瘤活性。考虑到双功能MTX和MAN已通过FDA批准,并且MAN具有高度生物安全性,因此双重自我识别,刺激响应和无载体的MTX-MAN NP可能是一种简单,选择性和安全的化疗策略。MTX-MAN NPs大大减少了药物用量,并降低了对正常细胞和组织的毒性。进一步的体外和体内研究一致证实,MTX-MAN NPs表现出优异的肿瘤蓄积性和高度协同的化学治疗作用。此外,我们首次发现MAN可以增强MTX的抗肿瘤活性。考虑到双功能MTX和MAN已通过FDA批准,并且MAN具有高度生物安全性,因此双重自我识别,刺激响应和无载体的MTX-MAN NP可能是一种简单,选择性和安全的化疗策略。此外,我们首次发现MAN可以增强MTX的抗肿瘤活性。考虑到双功能MTX和MAN已通过FDA批准,并且MAN具有高度生物安全性,因此双重自我识别,刺激响应和无载体的MTX-MAN NP可能是一种简单,选择性和安全的化疗策略。此外,我们首次发现MAN可以增强MTX的抗肿瘤活性。考虑到双功能MTX和MAN已通过FDA批准,并且MAN具有高度生物安全性,因此双重自我识别,刺激响应和无载体的MTX-MAN NP可能是一种简单,选择性和安全的化疗策略。
更新日期:2020-03-04
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