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A novel approach for determination of the dissolved and the particulate fractions in aqueous samples by flow field flow fractionation via online monitoring of both the cross flow and the detector flow using ICP-MS
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020/01/31 , DOI: 10.1039/c9ja00313d
Ping Tan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Jingjing Yang 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 , Volker Nischwitz 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

Size resolved elemental characterisation of nanoparticles and colloids is routinely performed via flow field flow fractionation online with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for a variety of sample matrices. However, low molecular weight elemental species (i.e. the dissolved fraction in the context of this study) pass with the cross flow through the membrane of the separation channel and thus escape detection. The lack of information on the dissolved fraction is a significant disadvantage compared to centrifugal field flow fractionation and chromatographic techniques. This fraction is relevant to determine the ratio of free and particle bound nutrients or toxicologically relevant elemental species, to establish the dissolution rate of non-stabilised (nano)particles and to establish a mass balance for quality control of the fractionation results. Fraction collection of the cross flow followed by off-line elemental analysis is rarely performed to determine the dissolved fraction because of delayed elution through the frit of the channel, dilution and elevated blank levels for some elements. Therefore, a novel approach was developed in this study enabling the online monitoring of the dissolved fraction in the cross flow. A special interface was constructed to convert the discontinuous cross flow into a continuous flow to the ICP-MS. Two frit materials, ceramic and steel, were investigated to overcome the challenges of the interaction of dissolved elemental species with the frit and to improve recovery. Quantification was performed both for aqueous standard solutions and for environmental water samples using ultrafiltration as a reference method. Finally, a combined method including monitoring of the dissolved fraction in the cross flow and the particulate fractions in the detector flow was established. Comparison of the dissolved fraction obtained with the new method and via ultrafiltration indicates the suitability of the developed approach for environmental water samples with mean recoveries in the range of 87% to 120% for Ca, Mg and Si. In the case of Al and P the dissolved fraction is in the low μg L−1 range resulting in partially elevated recoveries but their concentrations match within their confidence intervals.

中文翻译:

通过使用ICP-MS在线监测横流和检测器流量的流场流分馏法确定水溶液样品中溶解和颗粒物组分的新方法

纳米粒子和胶体的尺寸分辨元素表征通常通过流场流动分级在线进行,并使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对各种样品基质进行。但是,低分子量元素种类((在本研究中为溶解级分)与错流通过分离通道的膜,从而逃逸检测。与离心场流分馏和色谱技术相比,缺乏有关溶解级分的信息是一个重大缺点。该分数与确定游离和结合颗粒的营养物或毒理学上相关的元素种类的比例,确定未稳定的(纳米)粒子的溶解速率以及建立质量平衡以进行分馏结果的质量有关。很少进行横流馏分收集,然后进行离线元素分析,以确定溶解的馏分,这是因为通过通道玻璃料的洗脱时间延迟,某些元素的稀释和空白水平升高。因此,在这项研究中开发了一种新颖的方法,可以在线监测错流中的溶解部分。构造了一个特殊的接口,以将不连续的错流转换为ICP-MS的连续流。研究了两种玻璃料材料,陶瓷和钢,以克服溶解的元素与玻璃料相互作用的挑战并提高回收率。使用超滤作为参考方法,对标准水溶液和环境水样品均进行了定量。最终,建立了一种组合方法,包括监测错流中的溶解部分和检测器流中的颗粒部分。用新方法和 构造了一个特殊的接口,以将不连续的错流转换为ICP-MS的连续流。研究了两种玻璃料材料,陶瓷和钢,以克服溶解的元素与玻璃料相互作用的挑战并提高回收率。使用超滤作为参考方法,对标准水溶液和环境水样品均进行了定量。最后,建立了一种组合方法,该方法包括监视错流中的溶解部分和检测器流中的颗粒部分。用新方法和 构造了一个特殊的接口,以将不连续的错流转换为ICP-MS的连续流。研究了两种玻璃料材料,陶瓷和钢,以克服溶解的元素与玻璃料相互作用的挑战并提高回收率。使用超滤作为参考方法,对标准水溶液和环境水样品均进行了定量。最后,建立了一种组合方法,包括监测错流中的溶解部分和检测器流中的颗粒部分。用新方法和 为了克服溶解的元素物质与玻璃料相互作用的挑战并提高回收率,我们进行了研究。使用超滤作为参考方法,对标准水溶液和环境水样品均进行了定量。最后,建立了一种组合方法,包括监测错流中的溶解部分和检测器流中的颗粒部分。用新方法和 为了克服溶解的元素物质与玻璃料相互作用的挑战并提高回收率,我们进行了研究。使用超滤作为参考方法,对标准水溶液和环境水样品均进行了定量。最后,建立了一种组合方法,包括监测错流中的溶解部分和检测器流中的颗粒部分。用新方法和通过超滤表明开发的方法适用于环境水样品,其中Ca,Mg和Si的平均回收率在87%至120%的范围内。在Al和P的情况下,溶解的馏分处于低μgL -1范围内,导致部分回收率提高,但其浓度在置信区间内匹配。
更新日期:2020-03-12
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