Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is a commonly prescribed treatment for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Negative health consequences associated with untreated OSA make understanding the utilization of PAP therapy imperative. The aim of this review was to describe PAP use in children and adolescents with OSA, explore factors that influence use, and describe published scientific or clinical approaches to improve use. Among 20 studies, average PAP adherence was 56.9% (range, 24–87%). PAP use averaged 4.0 h (SD = 3.1) to 5.2 h (SD = 3.4) per night. Cautious consideration of summary estimates of PAP use is necessary as studies were heterogeneous and adherence definitions widely varied across studies. Age, sex, and developmental delay were the only factors associated with PAP use in more than one study. The majority of approaches to improve use were program evaluations rather than scientifically tested interventions. This review identified critical gaps in the existing literature and sets forth a research agenda for the future.

气道正压通气 (PAP) 疗法是小儿阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA) 的常用处方疗法。与未经治疗的 OSA 相关的负面健康后果使了解 PAP 治疗的利用势在必行。本综述的目的是描述 PAP 在 OSA 儿童和青少年中的使用，探索影响使用的因素，并描述已发表的科学或临床方法以改善使用。在 20 项研究中，平均 PAP 依从性为 56.9%（范围，24-87%）。PAP 使用平均每晚 4.0 小时 (SD = 3.1) 至 5.2 小时 (SD = 3.4)。谨慎考虑 PAP 使用的总结估计是必要的，因为研究是异质的，并且依从性定义在研究中差异很大。在不止一项研究中，年龄、性别和发育迟缓是与使用 PAP 相关的唯一因素。大多数改善使用的方法是计划评估，而不是经过科学测试的干预措施。本综述确定了现有文献中的关键空白，并提出了未来的研究议程。