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Inflammation and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp-9) regulate photoreceptor regeneration in adult zebrafish.
Glia ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-08 , DOI: 10.1002/glia.23792
Nicholas J Silva 1, 2 , Mikiko Nagashima 2 , Jingling Li 3 , Laura Kakuk-Atkins 2 , Milad Ashrafzadeh 2 , David R Hyde 3 , Peter F Hitchcock 1, 2
Affiliation  

Brain injury activates complex inflammatory signals in dying neurons, surviving neurons, and glia. Here, we establish that inflammation regulates the regeneration of photoreceptors in the zebrafish retina and determine the cellular expression and function of the inflammatory protease, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp-9), during this regenerative neurogenesis. Following photoreceptor ablation, anti-inflammatory treatment suppresses the number of injury-induced progenitors and regenerated photoreceptors. Upon photoreceptor injury, mmp-9 is induced in Müller glia and Müller glia-derived photoreceptor progenitors. Deleting mmp-9 results in over production of injury-induced progenitors and regenerated photoreceptors, but over time the absence of Mmp-9 compromises the survival of the regenerated cones. At all time-points studied, the levels of tnf-α are significantly elevated in mutant retinas. Anti-inflammatory treatment in mutants rescues the defects in cone survival. These data provide a link between injury-induced inflammation in the vertebrate CNS, Mmp-9 function during neuronal regeneration and the requirement of Mmp-9 for the survival of regenerated cones.

中文翻译:


炎症和基质金属蛋白酶 9 (Mmp-9) 调节成年斑马鱼的光感受器再生。



脑损伤会激活垂死神经元、存活神经元和神经胶质细胞中复杂的炎症信号。在这里,我们确定炎症调节斑马鱼视网膜中光感受器的再生,并确定再生神经发生过程中炎症蛋白酶、基质金属蛋白酶 9 (Mmp-9) 的细胞表达和功能。光感受器消融后,抗炎治疗可抑制损伤诱导的祖细胞和再生光感受器的数量。光感受器损伤后,Müller 胶质细胞和 Müller 胶质细胞衍生的光感受器祖细胞中会诱导 mmp-9。删除mmp-9会导致损伤诱导的祖细胞和再生光感受器的过度产生,但随着时间的推移,Mmp-9的缺失会损害再生视锥细胞的存活。在研究的所有时间点,突变视网膜中 tnf-α 的水平均显着升高。突变体的抗炎治疗可以挽救视锥细胞存活的缺陷。这些数据提供了脊椎动物中枢神经系统损伤诱导的炎症、神经元再生过程中 Mmp-9 功能以及再生视锥细胞存活所需的 Mmp-9 之间的联系。
更新日期:2020-02-08
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