In this work, the development of a robust method for the fabrication of a low-cost transparent conducting electrode (TCE) via the addition of graphene in the spray-pyrolysis of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) is explained. Alcoholic suspensions of few-layer-graphene were produced via the liquid exfoliation of graphite in different alcoholic solutions as sonicating solvent. These mixtures were then mixed with ammonium fluoride and tin (II) chloride dihydrate precursors to fabricate graphene/FTO composite through spray pyrolysis. Graphene exfoliated with 50% aqueous ethanol proved to yield improved TCE properties with nearly two-fold enhancement in figure of merit (FOM) measured in terms of the ratio of optical transmittance and sheet resistance. Using optimized spraying conditions, graphene/FTO coatings still yielded slightly higher FOM compared to plain FTO. The increase in FOM is largely attributed to the decrease in sheet resistance with the incorporation of graphene flakes.

中文翻译：

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少层石墨烯作为喷雾热解掺氟氧化锡透明导电电极的插层剂

在这项工作中，解释了通过在掺氟氧化锡 (FTO) 的喷雾热解中添加石墨烯来制造低成本透明导电电极 (TCE) 的稳健方法的开发。少层石墨烯的醇悬浮液是通过石墨在作为超声溶剂的不同醇溶液中的液体剥离制备的。然后将这些混合物与氟化铵和氯化锡 (II) 二水合物前体混合，通过喷雾热解制备石墨烯/FTO 复合材料。事实证明，用 50% 乙醇水溶液剥离的石墨烯可产生改善的 TCE 性能，在光学透射率和薄层电阻的比率方面测量的品质因数 (FOM) 提高了近两倍。使用优化的喷涂条件，与普通 FTO 相比，石墨烯/FTO 涂层仍产生略高的 FOM。FOM 的增加主要归因于随着石墨烯薄片的加入，薄层电阻的降低。