Transplantation of fully allogeneic organs into immunocompetent recipients invariably elicits T cell and B cell responses that lead to the production of donor-specific antibodies (DSA). When immunosuppression is inadequate donor-specific T cell and B cell responses escape, leading to T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR), antibody mediated (ABMR) rejection, or mixed rejection (MR) exhibiting features of both TCMR and ABMR. Current literature suggests that ABMR is a major cause of late graft loss, and that new therapies to curtail the donor-specific humoral response are necessary. The majority of research into B cell responses elicited by allogeneic allografts in both preclinical models and clinical studies, has focused on the function of B cells as antibody-secreting cells and the pathogenic effects of DSA as mediators of ABMR. However, it has long been recognized that the DSA response to allografts is T cell-dependent, and that B cells engage in cognate interactions with T cells that provide "help" and promote B cell differentiation into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). This review focusses the function of B cells as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to T cells in lymphoid organs, how they may be critical APCs to T cell in the allograft, and the functional consequences of these interactions.

中文翻译：

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B细胞作为抗原呈递细胞在移植中的排斥和耐受性。

将完全同种异体器官移植到具有免疫功能的受体中，总是会引起T细胞和B细胞反应，从而导致产生供体特异性抗体（DSA）。当免疫抑制不足时，供体特异性T细胞和B细胞应答逃逸，导致T细胞介导的排斥（TCMR），抗体介导的（ABMR）排斥或混合排斥（MR）表现出TCMR和ABMR的特征。目前的文献表明，ABMR是造成晚期移植物丢失的主要原因，因此有必要采用新的治疗方法来减少供体特异性的体液反应。在临床前模型和临床研究中，对同种异体同种异体移植引起的B细胞反应的大多数研究都集中在B细胞作为抗体分泌细胞的功能以及DSA作为ABMR介体的致病作用上。然而，长期以来，人们已经认识到DSA对同种异体移植的反应是T细胞依赖性的，并且B细胞与T细胞发生同源相互作用，从而提供“帮助”并促进B细胞分化为分泌抗体的细胞（ASC）。这篇综述着重介绍了B细胞作为淋巴器官中T细胞的抗原呈递细胞（APC）的功能，它们如何可能成为同种异体移植物中T细胞的关键APC，以及这些相互作用的功能后果。