Understanding evolutionary responses to variation in temperature and precipitation across species ranges is of fundamental interest given ongoing climate change. The importance of temperature and precipitation for multiple aspects of bumble bee (Bombus) biology, combined with large geographic ranges that expose populations to diverse environmental pressures, make these insects well‐suited for studying local adaptation. Here, we analyzed genome‐wide sequence data from two widespread bumble bees, Bombus vosnesenskii and Bombus vancouverensis, using multiple environmental association analysis methods to investigate climate adaptation across latitude and altitude. The strongest signatures of selection were observed in B. vancouverensis, but despite unique responses between species for most loci, we detected several shared responses. Genes relating to neural and neuromuscular function and ion transport were especially evident with respect to temperature variables, while genes relating to cuticle formation, tracheal and respiratory system development, and homeostasis were associated with precipitation variables. Our data thus suggest that adaptive responses for tolerating abiotic variation are likely to be complex, but that several parallels among species can emerge even for these complex traits and landscapes. Results provide the framework for future work into mechanisms of thermal and desiccation tolerance in bumble bees and a set of genomic targets that might be monitored for future conservation efforts.

中文翻译：

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在两个山区大黄蜂物种的复杂生物气候景观中进行局部适应。

鉴于持续的气候变化，了解物种间温度和降水变化对进化的响应至关重要。温度和降水对大黄蜂（Bombus）生物学多个方面的重要性，再加上地理范围广，使种群面临不同的环境压力，使得这些昆虫非常适合研究当地的适应性。在这里，我们使用多种环境关联分析方法研究了跨越纬度和高度的气候适应性，分析了来自两只分布广泛的大黄蜂Bombus vosnesenskii和Bombus vancouverensis的全基因组序列数据。在温哥华双歧杆菌中观察到最强的选择标记，但尽管对于大多数位点而言，物种之间的响应是独特的，但我们还是检测到了一些共享响应。与神经和神经肌肉功能以及离子转运有关的基因在温度变量方面尤为明显，而与角质层形成，气管和呼吸系统发育以及体内稳态有关的基因与降水变量有关。因此，我们的数据表明，耐受非生物变异的适应性反应可能很复杂，但是即使对于这些复杂的性状和地貌，物种之间也会出现一些相似之处。结果为今后研究大黄蜂的耐热和干燥耐受性机制提供了框架，并提供了一组基因组目标，可对其进行监测以进行未来的保护工作。