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Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) and the neuro-ophthalmologic effects of microgravity: a review and an update.
npj Microgravity ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-07 , DOI: 10.1038/s41526-020-0097-9
Andrew G Lee 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 , Thomas H Mader 7 , C Robert Gibson 8 , William Tarver 9 , Pejman Rabiei 10 , Roy F Riascos 10 , Laura A Galdamez 11 , Tyson Brunstetter 12
Affiliation  

Prolonged microgravity exposure during long-duration spaceflight (LDSF) produces unusual physiologic and pathologic neuro-ophthalmic findings in astronauts. These microgravity associated findings collectively define the "Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome" (SANS). We compare and contrast prior published work on SANS by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Space Medicine Operations Division with retrospective and prospective studies from other research groups. In this manuscript, we update and review the clinical manifestations of SANS including: unilateral and bilateral optic disc edema, globe flattening, choroidal and retinal folds, hyperopic refractive error shifts, and focal areas of ischemic retina (i.e., cotton wool spots). We also discuss the knowledge gaps for in-flight and terrestrial human research including potential countermeasures for future study. We recommend that NASA and its research partners continue to study SANS in preparation for future longer duration manned space missions.

中文翻译:

航天相关神经眼综合征 (SANS) 和微重力的神经眼科影响:综述和更新。

在长期太空飞行 (LDSF) 期间长时间暴露在微重力环境中会导致宇航员出现异常的生理和病理神经眼科发现。这些与微重力相关的发现共同定义了“航天相关神经眼综合征”(SANS)。我们将美国国家航空航天局 (NASA) 空间医学运营部先前发表的关于 SANS 的工作与其他研究小组的回顾性和前瞻性研究进行比较和对比。在这份手稿中,我们更新和回顾了 SANS 的临床表现,包括:单侧和双侧视盘水肿、眼球变平、脉络膜和视网膜皱襞、远视屈光不正偏移和缺血性视网膜的焦点区域(即棉絮斑)。我们还讨论了飞行中和地面人类研究的知识差距,包括未来研究的潜在对策。我们建议 NASA 及其研究合作伙伴继续研究 SANS,为未来更长时间的载人航天任务做准备。
更新日期:2020-02-07
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