DNA nanostructures hold great promise for various applications due to their remarkable properties, including programmable assembly, nanometric positional precision, and dynamic structural control. The past few decades have seen the development of various kinds of DNA nanostructures that can be employed as useful tools in fields such as chemistry, materials, biology, and medicine. Aptamers are short single-stranded nucleic acids that bind to specific targets with excellent selectivity and high affinity and play critical roles in molecular recognition. Recently, many attempts have been made to integrate aptamers with DNA nanostructures for a range of biological applications. This review starts with an introduction to the features of aptamer-functionalized DNA nanostructures. The discussion then focuses on recent progress (particularly during the last five years) in the applications of these nanostructures in areas such as biosensing, bioimaging, cancer therapy, and biophysics. Finally, challenges involved in the practical application of aptamer-functionalized DNA nanostructures are discussed, and perspectives on future directions for research into and applications of aptamer-functionalized DNA nanostructures are provided.

中文翻译：

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用于生物应用的适体功能化DNA纳米结构。

DNA纳米结构具有非凡的性能，包括可编程组装，纳米级位置精度和动态结构控制，因此在各种应用中都具有广阔的前景。在过去的几十年中，已经看到了各种DNA纳米结构的发展，这些结构可以用作化学，材料，生物学和医学等领域的有用工具。适体是短的单链核酸，其以优异的选择性和高亲和力结合特定靶标，并且在分子识别中起关键作用。近来，已经进行了许多尝试以将适体与DNA纳米结构整合以用于一系列生物学应用。这篇综述首先介绍了适体功能化的DNA纳米结构的特征。然后，讨论的重点是这些纳米结构在生物传感，生物成像，癌症治疗和生物物理学等领域的应用的最新进展（尤其是最近五年）。最后，讨论了适体功能化的DNA纳米结构的实际应用中所涉及的挑战，并提供了对适体功能化的DNA纳米结构的研究和应用的未来方向的观点。