Abstract A successful immobilization of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrates ([Omim][FeCl4]) thin films on a silica gel while remaining its mesoporousity, was accomplished in this work. The developed catalyst was highly active and cost-effective for deep oxidative desulfurization of refractory thiophenic compounds at room temperature utilizing H2O2 oxidation agent. The reaction products were well separated from fuel by the catalyst itself under a beneficial solvent-free condition. The catalyst was characterized applying different analyses of FT-IR, TGA, XRD, SEM, EDS, AFM, N2 adsorption desorption, BET, and BJH. A sufficiently large pore diameter (∼6.2 nm) and high surface area (∼490 m2/g) of the silica gel for supporting the Lewis acidic [Omim][FeCl4] having a proper anion and cation structure, synergistically enabled a high efficient and selective catalyst for removal of refractory thiophenes. The influences of reaction temperature and time, loading amount of ionic liquid (IL), catalyst and oxidant amount as crucial reaction factors were evaluated in order to have a maximum desulfurization yield. Impressively, only a very low IL loading of 5 wt.% on the silica gel support achieved complete elimination of dibenzothiophene at the optimal mild conditions and room temperature. In the presence of a non-sulfur aromatic hydrocarbon beside different thiophenic models, the desulfurization selectivity of [Omim][FeCl4] increased from 0.92 to 0.95 via immobilization on the silica gel support. A significant decline in the IL consumption was verified as another beneficial effect of this immobilization. The catalyst could be easily separated having a capability for 100 % removal of dibenzothiophene after recycling four times. Meanwhile, GC–MS analysis was employed for further founding of the desulfurization pathway.

中文翻译：

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在 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium 四氯铁酸盐/硅胶上对难熔化合物进行室温氧化脱硫：固定化的有益效果

摘要 这项工作成功地将 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium 四氯铁酸盐 ([Omim][FeCl4]) 薄膜固定在硅胶上，同时保持其介孔性。所开发的催化剂具有高活性和成本效益，可用于使用 H2O2 氧化剂在室温下对难处理的噻吩化合物进行深度氧化脱硫。在有利的无溶剂条件下，催化剂本身很好地将反应产物与燃料分离。应用 FT-IR、TGA、XRD、SEM、EDS、AFM、N2 吸附解吸、BET 和 BJH 的不同分析对催化剂进行了表征。足够大的孔径 (~6.2 nm) 和高表面积 (~490 m2/g) 的硅胶用于承载具有适当阴离子和阳离子结构的路易斯酸性 [Omim][FeCl4]，协同作用使高效和选择性催化剂用于去除难处理的噻吩。评价反应温度和时间、离子液体（IL）的负载量、催化剂和氧化剂量作为关键反应因素的影响，以获得最大的脱硫产率。令人印象深刻的是，在最佳温和条件和室温下，硅胶载体上仅 5 wt.% 的极低 IL 负载就实现了二苯并噻吩的完全消除。在不同噻吩模型旁边存在非硫芳烃时，通过固定在硅胶载体上，[Omim][FeCl4]的脱硫选择性从0.92增加到0.95。IL 消耗的显着下降被证实为这种固定的另一个有益效果。该催化剂可以很容易地分离，在循环四次后具有 100% 去除二苯并噻吩的能力。同时，采用GC-MS分析进一步建立脱硫途径。