International travel-related nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), which can include traveler screening, travel restrictions, and border closures, often are included in national influenza pandemic preparedness plans. We performed systematic reviews to identify evidence for their effectiveness. We found 15 studies in total. Some studies reported that NPIs could delay the introduction of influenza virus. However, no available evidence indicated that screening of inbound travelers would have a substantial effect on preventing spread of pandemic influenza, and no studies examining exit screening were found. Some studies reported that travel restrictions could delay the start of local transmission and slow international spread, and 1 study indicated that small Pacific islands were able to prevent importation of pandemic influenza during 1918-19 through complete border closure. This limited evidence base indicates that international travel-related NPIs would have limited effectiveness in controlling pandemic influenza and that these measures require considerable resources to implement.

中文翻译：

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非医疗机构中流行性流感的非药物措施——国际旅行相关措施。

国际旅行相关的非药物干预 (NPI)，包括旅行者筛查、旅行限制和边境关闭，通常包含在国家流感大流行防范计划中。我们进行了系统评价，以确定其有效性的证据。我们总共找到了 15 项研究。一些研究报告说，NPI 可以延迟流感病毒的引入。然而，没有可用的证据表明对入境旅客进行筛查会对预防大流行性流感的传播产生重大影响，也没有发现检查出境筛查的研究。一些研究报告说，旅行限制可能会延迟本地传播的开始并减缓国际传播，一项研究表明，在 1918-19 年期间，太平洋小岛通过完全关闭边境能够防止大流行性流感的输入。这一有限的证据基础表明，与国际旅行相关的 NPI 在控制大流行性流感方面的有效性有限，并且这些措施需要大量资源才能实施。