ABSTRACT Cost surfaces are a crucial aspect of route optimization and least cost path (LCP) calculations and are used in awide range of disciplines including computer science, landscape ecology, and energy-infrastructure modeling. Linear features present akey weakness to traditional routing calculations along cost surfaces because they cannot identify whether moving from acell to its adjacent neighbors constitutes crossing alinear barrier (increased cost) or following acorridor (reduced cost). Following and avoiding linear features can drastically change predicted routes. We introduce an approach to address this adjacency issue using asearch kernel that identifies these critical barriers and corridors. We have built this approach into anew Java-based open-source software package– CostMAP (cost surface multi-layer aggregation program)– which calculates cost surfaces and cost networks using the search kernel. CostMAP allows users to input multiple GIS data layers and to set weights and rules for developing aweighted-cost network. We compare CostMAP performance with traditional cost surface approaches and show significant performance gains– both following corridors and avoiding barriers– by modeling the movement of alarge terrestrial animal– the Baird’s Tapir (Tapirus bairdii)– in amovement ecology framework and by modeling pipeline routing for carbon capture and storage (CCS).

中文翻译：

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CostMAP：使用多尺度搜索内核开发成本面的开源软件包

摘要 成本面是路线优化和最低成本路径 (LCP) 计算的一个重要方面，被广泛应用于计算机科学、景观生态学和能源基础设施建模等学科。线性要素是沿成本表面的传统路由计算的一个关键弱点，因为它们无法确定从 acell 移动到其相邻邻居是否构成跨越线性障碍（增加成本）或跟随 acorridor（降低成本）。跟随和避开线性要素可以极大地改变预测路线。我们介绍了一种使用搜索内核来解决此邻接问题的方法，该内核可识别这些关键障碍和走廊。我们将这种方法构建到一个新的基于 Java 的开源软件包——CostMAP（成本表面多层聚合程序）——它使用搜索内核计算成本表面和成本网络。CostMAP 允许用户输入多个 GIS 数据层并设置权重和规则以开发加权成本网络。我们将 CostMAP 的性能与传统的成本表面方法进行比较，并通过在移动生态学框架中对大型陆生动物 Baird's Tapir (Tapirus bairdii) 的移动进行建模，并通过对碳管道路由进行建模，显示了显着的性能提升——无论是沿着走廊还是避开障碍捕获和存储 (CCS)。CostMAP 允许用户输入多个 GIS 数据层并设置权重和规则以开发加权成本网络。我们将 CostMAP 的性能与传统的成本表面方法进行比较，并通过在移动生态学框架中对大型陆生动物 Baird's Tapir (Tapirus bairdii) 的移动进行建模，并通过对碳管道路由进行建模，显示了显着的性能提升——无论是沿着走廊还是避开障碍捕获和存储 (CCS)。CostMAP 允许用户输入多个 GIS 数据层并设置权重和规则以开发加权成本网络。我们将 CostMAP 的性能与传统的成本表面方法进行比较，并通过在移动生态学框架中对大型陆生动物 Baird's Tapir (Tapirus bairdii) 的移动进行建模，并通过对碳管道路由进行建模，显示了显着的性能提升——无论是沿着走廊还是避开障碍捕获和存储 (CCS)。