Regulatory T cells and type-2 innate lymphoid cells represent 2 subsets of immune cells, which have been shown in preclinical models to be important in atherosclerosis and myocardial repair. Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in immune homeostasis and tolerance via their interactions with effector T cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes/macrophages. They also utilize and secrete inhibitory cytokines, including interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β, to regulate or suppress pathogenic immune responses. Type-2 innate lymphoid cells have an important role in type-2 immune responses and tissue repair through secreting interleukins 5 and 13, as well as a variety of biological mediators and growth factors. Intriguingly, interleukin-2 has emerged as a common cytokine, which can be harnessed to upregulate both cell types, and also has important translational consequences as clinical trials are ongoing for its use in cardiovascular disease. Here, we briefly review the biology of these regulatory immune cell types, discuss the preclinical and clinical evidence for their functions in cardiovascular disease, examine the prospects for clinical translation and current ongoing trials, and finally, postulate how overlap in the mechanisms of upregulation may be leveraged in future treatments for patients.

中文翻译：

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2019 ATVB 全体演讲：心血管疾病中的白细胞介素 2 疗法：调节先天性和适应性免疫的潜力。


调节性 T 细胞和 2 型先天淋巴细胞代表免疫细胞的 2 个亚群，临床前模型已显示它们在动脉粥样硬化和心肌修复中发挥重要作用。调节性 T 细胞通过与效应 T 细胞、树突状细胞和单核细胞/巨噬细胞的相互作用，在免疫稳态和耐受性中发挥着至关重要的作用。它们还利用和分泌抑制性细胞因子，包括白细胞介素 10 和转化生长因子 β，来调节或抑制致病性免疫反应。 2 型先天淋巴细胞通过分泌白细胞介素 5 和 13 以及多种生物介质和生长因子，在 2 型免疫反应和组织修复中发挥重要作用。有趣的是，IL-2 已成为一种常见的细胞因子，可用于上调两种细胞类型，并且随着其用于心血管疾病的临床试验正在进行，它也具有重要的转化后果。在这里，我们简要回顾了这些调节性免疫细胞类型的生物学，讨论了它们在心血管疾病中的功能的临床前和临床证据，研究了临床转化的前景和当前正在进行的试验，最后，假设上调机制的重叠如何可能在未来的患者治疗中得到利用。