Examining the processing of others' body-related information in the perceivers' brain across the neurotypical and clinical population is a key topic in the domain of cognitive neurosciences. We argue that beyond classical neuroimaging techniques and frequency analyses, methods that can be easily adapted to capture the fast processing of body-related information in the brain are needed. Here we introduce a novel method that allows this by measuring event-related potentials recorded with electroencephalography (ERPs-EEG). This method possesses known EEG advantages (low cost, high temporal resolution, established paradigms) plus an improvement of its main limitation; i.e., spatiotemporally smoothed resolution due to mixed neural sources. This occurs when participants are presented and process images of bodies/actions that recruit posterior visual cortices. Such stimulus-evoked activity may spread and mask the recording of simultaneous activity arising from sensorimotor brain areas, which also process body-related information. Therefore, it is difficult to dissociate the contributing role of different brain regions. To overcome this, we propose eliciting a combination of somatosensory, motor, and visual-evoked potentials during processing of body-related information (vs non-body-related). Next, brain activity from sensorimotor and visual systems can be dissociated by subtracting activity from trials containing only visual-evoked potentials to those trials containing either a mixture of visual and somatosensory or visual and motor-cortical potentials. This allows isolating visually driven neural activity in areas other than visual. To introduce this method, we revise recent work using this method, consider the processing of body-related stimuli in the brain, as well as outline key methodological aspects to-be-considered. This work provides a clear guideline to researchers interested or transitioning from behavioural to ERPs studies, offering the possibility to adapt well-established paradigms in the EEG realm to study others' body-related processing in the perceiver's own cortical body representation (e.g., examining classical EEG components in the social and embodiment frameworks).

中文翻译：

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揭示大脑中的身体：一种ERP方法，用于在对与身体相关的信息进行视觉感知期间检查感觉运动活动。

在认知神经科学领域，研究在整个神经典型和临床人群的感知者大脑中处理与他人有关的身体信息是一个关键主题。我们认为，除了经典的神经成像技术和频率分析之外，还需要可以轻松地用于捕获大脑中与身体相关的信息的快速处理的方法。在这里，我们介绍一种新颖的方法，该方法可以通过测量用脑电图（ERPs-EEG）记录的事件相关电位来实现此目的。该方法具有已知的EEG优势（低成本，高时间分辨率，已建立的范例）以及其主要局限性的改进；即由于混合的神经源而使时空平滑的分辨率。这在出现参与者并处理招募后视觉皮层的身体/动作的图像时发生。这种刺激诱发的活动可能会传播并掩盖由感觉运动脑区引起的同时活动的记录，这也处理与身体有关的信息。因此，很难分离不同大脑区域的贡献作用。为了克服这个问题，我们建议在处理与身体相关的信息（与非与身体相关的信息）时，结合体感，运动和视觉诱发电位。接下来，可以通过将仅包含视觉诱发电位的试验的活动减去包含视觉和躯体感觉或视觉与运动皮层电位的混合活动的试验的活动，来分离感觉运动和视觉系统的大脑活动。这允许在视觉以外的区域隔离视觉驱动的神经活动。为了介绍这种方法，我们修订了使用该方法的最新工作，考虑了大脑中与身体相关的刺激的处理，并概述了需要考虑的关键方法学方面。这项工作为感兴趣或从行为研究转向ERP研究的研究人员提供了明确的指南，为适应脑电图领域中公认的范例，以在感知者自己的皮层身体表征中研究他人与身体相关的加工（例如检查经典社会和体现框架中的EEG组件）。并概述了要考虑的关键方法论方面。这项工作为感兴趣或从行为研究转向ERP研究的研究人员提供了明确的指南，为适应脑电图领域中公认的范例，以在感知者自己的皮层身体表征中研究他人与身体相关的加工（例如检查经典社会和体现框架中的EEG组件）。并概述了要考虑的关键方法论方面。这项工作为感兴趣或从行为研究转向ERP研究的研究人员提供了明确的指南，为适应脑电图领域中公认的范例，以在感知者自己的皮层身体表征中研究他人与身体相关的加工（例如检查经典社会和体现框架中的EEG组件）。