The global epidemiology of hypertension.,Nature Reviews Nephrology

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The global epidemiology of hypertension.
Nature Reviews Nephrology ( IF 28.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-05 , DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0244-2
Katherine T Mills _{1,

2} , Andrei Stefanescu ₁ , Jiang He _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death worldwide. Owing to the widespread use of antihypertensive medications, global mean blood pressure (BP) has remained constant or has decreased slightly over the past four decades. By contrast, the prevalence of hypertension has increased, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Estimates suggest that 31.1% of adults (1.39 billion) worldwide had hypertension in 2010. The prevalence of hypertension among adults was higher in LMICs (31.5%, 1.04 billion people) than in high-income countries (28.5%, 349 million people). Variations in the levels of risk factors for hypertension, such as high sodium intake, low potassium intake, obesity, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet, may explain some of the regional heterogeneity in hypertension prevalence. Despite the increasing prevalence, the proportions of hypertension awareness, treatment and BP control are low, particularly in LMICs, and few comprehensive assessments of the economic impact of hypertension exist. Future studies are warranted to test implementation strategies for hypertension prevention and control, especially in low-income populations, and to accurately assess the prevalence and financial burden of hypertension worldwide.

中文翻译：

高血压的全球流行病学。

高血压是全世界心血管疾病和过早死亡的主要原因。由于抗高血压药物的广泛使用，全球平均血压（BP）在过去四十年中保持不变或略有下降。相比之下，高血压患病率有所增加，尤其是在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMIC)。据估计，2010 年全球有 31.1% 的成年人（13.9 亿）患有高血压。中低收入国家（31.5%，10.4 亿人）的成年人高血压患病率高于高收入国家（28.5%，3.49 亿人）。高血压危险因素水平的变化，如高钠摄入量、低钾摄入量、肥胖、饮酒、缺乏运动和不健康饮食，可以解释高血压患病率的一些区域异质性。尽管患病率不断增加，但高血压意识、治疗和血压控制的比例较低，特别是在中低收入国家，而且很少有对高血压经济影响的全面评估。未来的研究有必要测试高血压预防和控制的实施策略，特别是在低收入人群中，并准确评估全球高血压的患病率和经济负担。

更新日期：2020-02-05

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