Using an Er-doped fiber laser as a test bed, here we for the first time experimentally demonstrate the simultaneous effect of the fast scale (round-trip time) and slow scale (thousands round-trip time) instabilities on the emergence of breathers similar to the Akhmediev breathers, Peregrine solitons, and partially mode-locked chaotic solitons. The anomalous statistics of the laser output power justifies the connection of the observed spatiotemporal structures with bright and dark rogue waves. Apart from the interest in laser physics for revealing mechanisms of the multiscale dynamics, the obtained results can be of fundamental interest for studying spatiotemporal patterns induced by the interplay of the mechanisms mentioned above in various distributed systems.

中文翻译：

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锁模光纤激光器中的多尺度时空结构

使用掺铒光纤激光器作为试验台，在这里我们首次通过实验证明了快尺度（往返时间）和慢尺度（数千次往返时间）不稳定性对呼吸器出现类似的同时影响到 Akhmediev 呼吸器、游隼孤子和部分锁模混沌孤子。激光输出功率的异常统计证明观察到的时空结构与明暗流氓波的联系是合理的。除了对揭示多尺度动力学机制的激光物理学感兴趣之外，所获得的结果对于研究由上述机制在各种分布式系统中的相互作用引起的时空模式也具有重要意义。