BACKGROUND One in two older adults report sleep problems, which not only cause fatigue, but also negatively affect general functioning, activities of daily living, and physical and mental health. Although it is known that physical activity is positively associated with sleep in older adults, the effects of physical activity programs on sleep in older adults has not been reviewed. The aim of this systematic review was to systematically review the effects of physical activity programs on sleep in generally healthy older adults aged 60+ years. METHODS Searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PEDro and CINAHL. The methodological quality of the included studies was rated using the 'Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies'. Only studies of moderate and strong quality were included. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018094007). RESULTS Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria (six randomised controlled trials and eight pretest-posttest studies). Of these studies, five were moderate and nine were strong quality studies. Mean age of study samples ranged from 64 to 76 years. Exercise programs included various activities aimed at improving mobility, endurance and strength. Intervention duration ranged from 2 weeks to 12 months. Eleven studies used subjective measures of sleep, two used objective measures and one used both. Sixteen different sleep outcomes were reported. All but one study, found at least one significant improvement on sleep outcomes. No significantly detrimental effects were reported. Effect sizes, calculated in ten studies, ranged from 0,34-1,55 and were substantial (≥0,8) in four studies. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review suggests that exercise programs positively affect various aspects of sleep in generally healthy older adults. More specifically, moderate intensity exercise programs, with a frequency of three times per week and a duration of 12 weeks up to 6 months, showed the highest number of significant improvements in different sleep outcomes in older adults. Furthermore, programs that offered single exercise types, such as Baduanjin, Tai chi and the silver yoga program, or a combination of exercises showed the highest proportion of significant versus reported effects on sleep outcomes.

中文翻译：

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身体活动计划对老年人睡眠结果的影响：系统评价。


背景技术 二分之一的老年人报告有睡眠问题，这不仅会导致疲劳，还会对一般功能、日常生活活动以及身心健康产生负面影响。尽管众所周知，身体活动与老年人的睡眠呈正相关，但身体活动计划对老年人睡眠的影响尚未得到审查。本系统评价的目的是系统评价身体活动计划对 60 岁以上一般健康老年人睡眠的影响。方法 在 PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、SPORTDiscus、PEDro 和 CINAHL 中进行检索。使用“定量研究质量评估工具”对纳入研究的方法学质量进行评级。仅纳入中等和较高质量的研究。该评论已在 PROSPERO 中注册 (CRD42018094007)。结果 十四项研究符合纳入标准（六项随机对照试验和八项前测后测研究）。在这些研究中，五项是中等质量的研究，九项是高质量的研究。研究样本的平均年龄范围为 64 岁至 76 岁。锻炼计划包括旨在提高活动能力、耐力和力量的各种活动。干预持续时间从2周到12个月不等。十一项研究使用了主观睡眠测量，两项使用了客观测量，一项同时使用了两者。报告了十六种不同的睡眠结果。除一项研究外，所有研究都发现睡眠结果至少有一项显着改善。没有报告显着的有害影响。十项研究计算出的效应大小范围为 0.34-1.55，四项研究的效应值相当大（≥0.8）。 结论 这项系统评价表明，运动计划对总体健康的老年人睡眠的各个方面产生积极影响。更具体地说，中等强度的锻炼计划（频率为每周 3 次、持续时间为 12 周至 6 个月）显示出老年人不同睡眠结果显着改善的数量最多。此外，提供单一运动类型的项目（例如八段锦、太极拳和银瑜伽项目）或组合运动对睡眠结果的显着影响与报告的影响比例最高。