BACKGROUND Existing physical activity guidelines predominantly focus on healthy age-stratified target groups. The objective of this study was to develop evidence-based recommendations for physical activity (PA) and PA promotion for German adults (18-65 years) with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). METHODS The PA recommendations were developed based on existing PA recommendations. In phase 1, systematic literature searches were conducted for current PA recommendations for seven chronic conditions (osteoarthrosis of the hip and knee, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stable ischemic heart disease, stroke, clinical depression, and chronic non-specific back pain). In phase 2, the PA recommendations were evaluated on the basis of 28 quality criteria, and high-quality recommendations were analysed. In phase 3, PA recommendations for seven chronic conditions were deducted and then synthesised to generate generic German PA recommendations for adults with NCDs. In relation to the recommendations for PA promotion, a systematic literature review was conducted on papers that reviewed the efficacy/effectiveness of interventions for PA promotion in adults with NCDs. RESULTS The German recommendations for physical activity state that adults with NCDs should, over the course of a week, do at least 150 min of moderate-intensity aerobic PA, or 75 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic PA, or a combination of both. Furthermore, muscle-strengthening activities should be performed at least twice a week. The promotion of PA among adults with NCDs should be theory-based, specifically target PA behaviour, and be tailored to the respective target group. In this context, and as an intervention method, exercise referral schemes are one of the more promising methods of promoting PA in adults with NCDs. CONCLUSION The development of evidence-based recommendations for PA and PA promotion is an important step in terms of the initiation and implementation of actions for PA-related health promotion in Germany. The German recommendations for PA and PA promotion inform adults affected by NCDs and health professionals on how much PA would be optimal for adults with NCDs. Additionally, the recommendations provide professionals entrusted in PA promotion the best strategies and interventions to raise low PA levels in adults with NCDs. The formulation of specific PA recommendations for adults with NCDs and their combination with recommendations on PA promotion is a unique characteristic of the German recommendations.

中文翻译：

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德国关于患有非传染性疾病的成年人进行体育锻炼和促进体育锻炼的建议。

背景技术现有的体育锻炼准则主要集中于健康的年龄分层的目标人群。这项研究的目的是为患有非传染性疾病（NCD）的德国成年人（18-65岁）制定有关体育活动（PA）和促进PA的循证建议。方法基于现有的PA建议制定了PA建议。在第1阶段，针对7种慢性疾病（髋骨和膝关节骨关节炎，慢性阻塞性肺疾病，稳定的缺血性心脏病，中风，临床抑郁症和慢性非特异性背痛）的当前PA建议进行了系统的文献检索。在第2阶段，根据28项质量标准对PA的建议进行了评估，并对高质量的建议进行了分析。在第3阶段，推导了针对七个慢性病的PA推荐，然后进行合成，以生成针对患有NCD的成年人的通用德国PA推荐。关于促进PA的建议，我们对论文进行了系统的文献综述，回顾了成人NCD患者促进PA的干预措施的有效性。结果德国的体育锻炼建议规定，患有NCD的成年人应在一周的时间内进行至少150分钟的中等强度有氧PA或75分钟的剧烈强度有氧PA，或两者结合。此外，应该每周至少进行两次肌肉增强活动。在患有NCD的成年人中促进PA应当基于理论，特别是针对PA行为，并应针对各自的目标人群进行调整。在这种情况下，作为一种干预方法，运动转诊计划是在患有NCD的成年人中提高PA的最有希望的方法之一。结论在德国，针对PA和PA促进健康的循证医学建议的制定是重要的一步，是启动和实施PA相关健康促进行动的重要步骤。德国关于PA和PA促进的建议告知受NCD感染的成年人和卫生专业人员，对于患有NCD的成年人而言，PA的最佳量是最佳的。此外，这些建议还为促进PA的专业人员提供了最佳策略和干预措施，以提高患有NCD的成年人PA的水平。针对患有非传染性疾病的成年人制定的特定PA建议以及将其与促进PA的建议相结合是德国建议的独特特征。