Alterations in the gut microbiome during HIV infection have been implicated in chronic inflammation, but the role of the oral microbiome in this process is less clear. The article by M. K. Annavajhala, S. D. Khan, S. B. Sullivan, J. Shah, et al. (mSphere 5:e00798-19, 2020, ) investigated the relationship between oral and gut microbiome diversity and immune activation in patients with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. In this study, oral microbiome diversity was inversely associated with inflammatory markers such as soluble CD14 (sCD14), but surprisingly similar associations were not seen with gut microbiome diversity. Oral microbiome diversity was also associated with periodontitis in these patients. This study highlights the importance of continuing multisite examinations in studying the gastrointestinal tract microbiome and also stimulates important directions for future research defining the role of the oral-gut axis in HIV-associated inflammation. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of the journal or of ASM.

中文翻译：

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口腔微生物组在与HIV相关的炎症中很重要吗？

HIV感染期间肠道微生物组的改变与慢性炎症有关，但口腔微生物组在此过程中的作用尚不清楚。MK Annavajhala，SD Khan，SB Sullivan，J.Shah等人的文章。（mSphere 5：e00798-19，2020，）研究了抗逆转录病毒疗法对HIV患者口腔和肠道微生物组多样性与免疫激活之间的关系。在这项研究中，口腔微生物组多样性与诸如可溶性CD14（sCD14）之类的炎症标记呈负相关，但是令人惊讶的是，肠道微生物组多样性并未发现相似的相关性。这些患者的口腔微生物组多样性也与牙周炎有关。这项研究突出了继续进行多部位检查在研究胃肠道微生物组中的重要性，并且为今后研究确定肠线轴在HIV相关炎症中的作用提供了重要指导。本文中表达的观点不一定反映期刊或ASM的观点。