Communicating prognosis clearly and empathically can foster accurate prognostic awareness in patients with advanced cancer and their family members. Whereas patients and doctors desire clear prognostic communication, it presents many challenges in oncologic and palliative care settings. Patients with advanced cancer often have poor prognostic awareness as a result of deficiencies in doctor communication and understandable-and potentially adaptive-attempts by patients and families to reduce the threat of death and maintain hope. Interventions to promote prognostic discussion have largely succeeded in increasing the frequency, but not necessarily the quality, of such discussions, yet have failed to improve prognostic awareness. Because clear communication of prognosis is an ethical mandate, more research is needed to provide an evidence base for teaching and practice in this area.

中文翻译：

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成人肿瘤学和姑息治疗的预后意识

清晰而富有同情心地交流预后可以培养晚期癌症患者及其家人准确的预后意识。尽管患者和医生希望进行明确的预后交流，但它在肿瘤学和姑息治疗环境中提出了许多挑战。由于医生沟通不足，以及患者和家属为减少死亡威胁和保持希望而做出的可理解的和潜在的适应性尝试，晚期癌症患者的预后意识通常很差。促进预后讨论的干预措施在很大程度上成功地增加了此类讨论的频率，但不一定提高了质量，但未能提高预后意识。因为明确的预后沟通是一项伦理要求，