The heart pumps blood throughout the whole life of an organism, without rest periods during which to replenish energy or detoxify. Hence, cardiomyocytes, the working units of the heart, have mechanisms to ensure constitutive production of energy and detoxification to preserve fitness and function for decades. Even more challenging, the heart must adapt to the varying conditions of the organism from fetal life to adulthood, old age, and pathological stress. Mitochondria are at the nexus of these processes by producing not only energy but also metabolites and oxidative byproducts that can activate alarm signals and be toxic to the cell. We review basic concepts about cardiac mitochondria with a focus on their remarkable adaptations, including elimination, throughout the mammalian lifetime.

中文翻译：

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生长心脏中的线粒体适应

心脏在生物体的整个生命周期中都在泵血，没有休息时间来补充能量或解毒。因此，作为心脏工作单位的心肌细胞具有确保能量和解毒组成型生产的机制，以保持健康和功能数十年。更具挑战性的是，心脏必须适应机体从胎儿到成年、老年和病理压力的不同条件。线粒体是这些过程的纽带，它不仅产生能量，还产生代谢物和氧化副产物，这些副产物可以激活警报信号并对细胞有毒。我们回顾了有关心脏线粒体的基本概念，重点是它们在整个哺乳动物一生中的显着适应性，包括消除。