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Risk of Opioid Overdose Associated With Concomitant Use of Opioids and Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics ( IF 6.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-05 , DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1807
Yan Li 1 , Chris Delcher 2 , Yu-Jung Jenny Wei 1, 3 , Gary M Reisfield 4 , Joshua D Brown 1, 3 , Patrick Tighe 3, 5 , Almut G Winterstein 1, 3, 6
Affiliation  

The recent opioid prescribing guideline cautions about the concomitant prescribing of opioids and skeletal muscle relaxants (SMRs) given the additive central nervous system depressant effect. However, the clinical relevance remains unclear. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared the risk of opioid overdose associated with concomitant use of opioids and SMRs vs. opioid use alone. Adjusted hazard ratios were 1.09 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74–1.62) and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.00–1.58) in the incident and prevalent opioid user cohorts, respectively, generating a combined estimate of 1.21 (95% CI, 1.00–1.48). This risk seemed to increase with treatment duration (≤ 14 days: 0.91 and 95% CI, 0.67–1.22; 15–60 days: 1.37 and 95% CI, 0.81–2.37; >60 days: 1.80 and 95% CI, 1.30–2.48) and for baclofen (1.83 and 95% CI, 1.11–3.04) and carisoprodol (1.84 and 95% CI, 1.34–2.54). Concomitant users with daily opioid dose ≥50 mg (1.50 and 95% CI, 1.18–1.92) and benzodiazepine use (1.39 and 95% CI, 1.08–1.79) also had elevated risk. Clinicians should be cautious about these potentially unsafe practices to optimize pain care and improve patient safety.

中文翻译:

与同时使用阿片类药物和骨骼肌松弛剂有关的阿片类药物过量风险:一项基于人群的队列研究。

考虑到加成的中枢神经系统抑制作用,最近的阿片类药物处方指南对阿片类药物和骨骼肌松弛剂(SMR)的同时用药提出了警告。但是,临床相关性仍不清楚。在这项回顾性队列研究中,我们比较了与同时使用阿片类药物和SMR相比使用阿片类药物与阿片类药物过量相关的风险。在事件和流行的阿片类药物使用者队列中,调整后的危险比分别为1.09(95%置信区间(CI),0.74–1.62)和1.26(95%CI,1.00-1.58),综合估计值为1.21(95%CI) ,1.00-1.48)。这种风险似乎随着治疗持续时间的增加而增加(≤14天:0.91和95%CI,0.67-1.22; 15-60天:1.37和95%CI,0.81-2.37;> 60天:1.80和95%CI,1.30- 2.48)和巴氯芬(1.83和95%CI,1.13-3.04)和卡洛普罗(1。84和95%CI,1.34-2.54)。每日阿片类药物剂量≥50 mg(1.50和95%CI,1.18–1.92)和苯二氮卓类药物(1.39和95%CI,1.08–1.79)的同时使用的使用者也有较高的风险。临床医生应对这些潜在的不安全做法保持谨慎,以优化疼痛护理并提高患者安全性。
更新日期:2020-02-05
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