Conditions and comorbidities of obesity mirror those of ageing and age‐related diseases. Obesity and ageing share a similar spectrum of phenotypes such as compromised genomic integrity, impaired mitochondrial function, accumulation of intracellular macromolecules, weakened immunity, shifts in tissue and body composition, and enhanced systemic inflammation. Moreover, it has been shown that obesity reduces life expectancy by 5.8 years in men and 7.1 years in women after the age of 40. Shorter life expectancy could be because obesity holistically accelerates ageing at multiple levels. Besides jeopardizing nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA integrity, obesity modifies the DNA methylation pattern, which is associated with epigenetic ageing in different tissues. Additionally, other signs of ageing are seen in individuals with obesity including telomere shortening, systemic inflammation, and functional declines. This review aims to show how obesity and ageing are “two sides of the same coin” through discussing how obesity predisposes an individual to age‐related conditions, illness, and disease. We will further demonstrate how the mechanisms that perpetuate the early‐onset of chronic diseases in obesity parallel those of ageing.

中文翻译：

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肥胖和老化：同一枚硬币的两面。

肥胖的状况和合并症与衰老和与年龄有关的疾病的状况和合并症相似。肥胖和衰老具有相似的表型谱，例如受损的基因组完整性，线粒体功能受损，细胞内大分子蓄积，免疫力减弱，组织和身体组成改变以及系统性炎症增强。此外，研究表明，肥胖症会导致40岁以下男性的预期寿命减少5.8年，女性减少7.1年。预期寿命较短可能是因为肥胖症在多个层面上全面促进了衰老。肥胖症不仅危害核DNA和线粒体DNA的完整性，而且还会改变DNA甲基化模式，这与不同组织中的表观遗传衰老有关。另外，在肥胖个体中还可以看到其他衰老迹象，包括端粒缩短，全身性炎症和功能下降。这篇综述旨在通过讨论肥胖如何使个人容易患上与年龄有关的疾病，疾病和疾病，来表明肥胖和衰老是“同一枚硬币的两个方面”。我们将进一步证明，使肥胖症中的慢性病早发持久的机制与衰老的机制如何平行。