Formic acid (FA) is a promising CO and hydrogen energy carrier and currently its generation is mainly centred on the hydrogenation of CO 2 . However, it can also be obtained by the hydrothermal conversion of CO with H 2 O at very high pressures (>100 bar) and temperatures (>200°C) and requiring days to complete. Herein, we demonstrate that use of a nano-Ru/Fe alloy embedded in an ionic liquid (IL)-hybrid silica in the presence of the appropriate IL in water, CO can be catalytically converted into free FA (0.73 M) under very mild reactions conditions (10 bar at 80°C) with TON up to 1269. The catalyst was prepared by simple reduction/decomposition of Ru and Fe complexes in the IL, and it was then embedded into an IL-hybrid silica [1-n-butyl-3-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)-imidazolium cations associated with hydrophilic (acetate, SILP-OAc) and hydrophobic (bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide, (SILP-NTf 2 ) anions]. The location of the alloy NPs on the support is strongly related with the nature of the anion, i.e., in the case of hydrophilic SILP-OAc, RuFe NPs are more exposed to the support surface than in the case of the hydrophobic SILP-NTf 2 , as determined by RBS (Rutherford backscattering spectrometry). This catalytic membrane in the presence of H 2 O/CO and an appropriate IL, namely, 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-butylimidazolium 2-methyl imidazolate (BMMIm.MeIm), is stable and recyclable for at least 5 runs, yielding a total of 4.34 M of free FA.

中文翻译：

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催化半水煤气变换反应：甲酸燃料的简单绿色途径。

甲酸（FA）是有前途的CO和氢能载体，目前其产生主要集中在CO 2的氢化作用上。但是，也可以通过在非常高的压力（> 100 bar）和温度（> 200°C）且需要数天才能完成的情况下，将CO与H 2 O进行水热转化来获得。本文中，我们证明了在水中存在适当IL的情况下，使用嵌入离子液体（IL）混合二氧化硅中的纳米Ru / Fe合金，可以在非常温和的条件下将CO催化转化为游离FA（0.73 M）反应条件（在80°C下为10 bar）和TON高达1269。通过简单地还原/分解IL中的Ru和Fe络合物来制备催化剂，然后将其嵌入到IL-混合二氧化硅[1-n-与亲水性（乙酸盐，如通过RBS（卢瑟福背散射光谱法）所确定的，与疏水性SILP-NTf 2相比，RuFe NPs更暴露于载体表面。在H 2 O / CO和适当的IL（即1,2-二甲基-3-正丁基咪唑鎓2-甲基咪唑啉酯（BMMIm.MeIm））存在下，这种催化膜是稳定的，可循环使用至少5次，总共产生4.34 M的游离FA。如通过RBS（卢瑟福背散射光谱法）所确定的，与疏水性SILP-NTf 2相比，RuFe NPs更暴露于载体表面。在H 2 O / CO和适当的IL（即1,2-二甲基-3-正丁基咪唑鎓2-甲基咪唑啉酯（BMMIm.MeIm））存在下，这种催化膜是稳定的，可循环使用至少5次，总共产生4.34 M的游离FA。