Intravital microscopy (IVM) and optical coherency tomography (OCT) are two powerful optical imaging tools that allow visualization of dynamic biological activities in living subjects with subcellular resolutions. Recent advances in labeling and label-free techniques empower IVM and OCT for a wide range of preclinical and clinical cancer imaging, providing profound insights into the complex physiological, cellular, and molecular behaviors of tumors. Preclinical IVM and OCT have elucidated many otherwise inscrutable aspects of cancer biology, while clinical applications of IVM and OCT are revolutionizing cancer diagnosis and therapies. We review important progress in the fields of IVM and OCT for cancer imaging in living subjects, highlighting key technological developments and their emerging applications in fundamental cancer biology research and clinical oncology investigation.

活体显微镜 (IVM) 和光学相干断层扫描 (OCT) 是两种强大的光学成像工具，可以以亚细胞分辨率可视化活体中的动态生物活动。标记和无标记技术的最新进展使 IVM 和 OCT 能够用于广泛的临床前和临床癌症成像，为肿瘤的复杂生理、细胞和分子行为提供深刻的见解。临床前 IVM 和 OCT 阐明了癌症生物学的许多其他难以理解的方面，而 IVM 和 OCT 的临床应用正在彻底改变癌症诊断和治疗。我们回顾了 IVM 和 OCT 领域在活体癌症成像中的重要进展，