Abstract The proliferation of 3D printing MakerSpaces in university settings has led to an increased risk of student and technician exposure to ultrafine particles. New MakerSpaces do not have standardized specifications to aid in the design of the space; therefore, a need exists to characterize the impacts of different engineering controls on MakerSpace air quality. This study compares three university MakerSpaces: a library MakerSpace operating ≤4 devices under typical office space ventilation with no engineering controls, a laboratory MakerSpace operating 29 printers inside grated cabinets, with laboratory-grade ventilation, and a center MakerSpace operating ≤4 devices with neither engineering controls nor internal ventilation. All MakerSpaces were studied under both controlled (using a standard print design) and uncontrolled (real-time user operation) conditions measuring emitted particle concentrations in the near-field. Additionally, volatile organic emissions and the difference between near-field and far-field particle concentrations were investigated in multiple MakerSpaces. The center MakerSpace had the greatest net increase in mean particle number concentration (+1378.9% relative to background during a print campaign using polylactic acid (PLA) filament in a MakerBot (MakerBot-PLA)). The number-weighted mean diameter had the greatest change relative to background during the library campaign, +37.1% for the Lulzbot-PLA and −56.1% for the Ultimaker-PLA studies. For the standard NIST design with MakerBot-PLA, the laboratory's particle removal ratio was 30 times greater than in the library with open cabinets and 54 times greater when the cabinet doors were closed. The average particle removal rate from the center MakerSpace was up to 2.5 times less efficient than that of the library for the same MakerBot-PLA combination. These results suggest ventilation as a key priority in the design of a new university MakerSpace.

中文翻译：

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高校创客空间超细颗粒去除通风效率对比分析

摘要 3D 打印 MakerSpaces 在大学环境中的普及导致学生和技术人员接触超细颗粒的风险增加。新的创客空间没有标准化的规范来帮助设计空间；因此，需要描述不同工程控制对 MakerSpace 空气质量的影响。本研究比较了三所大学 MakerSpaces：一个图书馆 MakerSpace 在典型办公空间通风下运行 4 台设备，没有工程控制，一个实验室 MakerSpace 在带实验室级通风的格栅柜内运行 29 台打印机，以及一个中心 MakerSpace 运行 ≤4 台设备，两者都没有工程控制或内部通风。所有 MakerSpaces 都在受控（使用标准打印设计）和非受控（实时用户操作）条件下进行研究，测量近场中发射的粒子浓度。此外，在多个 MakerSpaces 中研究了挥发性有机物排放以及近场和远场粒子浓度之间的差异。中心 MakerSpace 的平均颗粒数浓度净增加最大（在 MakerBot (MakerBot-PLA) 中使用聚乳酸 (PLA) 灯丝的印刷活动期间相对于背景+1378.9%）。在文库活动期间，数字加权平均直径相对于背景的变化最大，Lulzbot-PLA 为 +37.1%，Ultimaker-PLA 研究为 -56.1%。对于使用 MakerBot-PLA 的标准 NIST 设计，实验室 s 颗粒去除率比打开柜子的图书馆高 30 倍，关闭柜门时高 54 倍。对于相同的 MakerBot-PLA 组合，中心 MakerSpace 的平均颗粒去除率比库的平均颗粒去除率低 2.5 倍。这些结果表明，在新大学创客空间的设计中，通风是一个关键的优先事项。