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Collaborative traceability management: a multiple case study from the perspectives of organization, process, and culture
Requirements Engineering ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-11-21 , DOI: 10.1007/s00766-018-0306-1
Rebekka Wohlrab , Eric Knauss , Jan-Philipp Steghöfer , Salome Maro , Anthony Anjorin , Patrizio Pelliccione

Traceability is crucial for many activities in software and systems engineering including monitoring the development progress, and proving compliance with standards. In practice, the use and maintenance of trace links are challenging as artifacts undergo constant change, and development takes place in distributed scenarios with multiple collaborating stakeholders. Although traceability management in general has been addressed in previous studies, there is a need for empirical insights into the collaborative aspects of traceability management and how it is situated in existing development contexts. The study reported in this paper aims to close this gap by investigating the relation of collaboration and traceability management, based on an understanding of characteristics of the development effort. In our multiple exploratory case study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 individuals from 15 industrial projects. We explored which challenges arise, how traceability management can support collaboration, how collaboration relates to traceability management approaches, and what characteristics of the development effort influence traceability management and collaboration. We found that practitioners struggle with the following challenges: (1) collaboration across team and tool boundaries, (2) conveying the benefits of traceability, and (3) traceability maintenance. If these challenges are addressed, we found that traceability can facilitate communication and knowledge management in distributed contexts. Moreover, there exist multiple approaches to traceability management with diverse collaboration approaches, i.e., requirements-centered, developer-driven, and mixed approaches. While traceability can be leveraged in software development with both agile and plan-driven paradigms, a certain level of rigor is needed to realize its benefits and overcome challenges. To support practitioners, we provide principles of collaborative traceability management. The main contribution of this paper is empirical evidence of how culture, processes, and organization impact traceability management and collaboration, and principles to support practitioners with collaborative traceability management. We show that collaboration and traceability management have the potential to be mutually beneficial—when investing in one, also the other one is positively affected.

中文翻译:

协同追溯管理:从组织、流程和文化角度的多案例研究

可追溯性对于软件和系统工程中的许多活动至关重要,包括监控开发进度和证明符合标准。在实践中,跟踪链接的使用和维护具有挑战性,因为工件不断变化,并且开发是在具有多个协作利益相关者的分布式场景中进行的。尽管在以前的研究中一般都讨论了可追溯性管理,但仍需要对可追溯性管理的协作方面以及它如何在现有开发环境中进行实证研究。本文中报告的研究旨在通过调查协作和可追溯性管理之间的关系来缩小这一差距,这基于对开发工作特征的理解。在我们的多重探索性案例研究中,我们对来自 15 个工业项目的 24 个人进行了半结构化访谈。我们探讨了哪些挑战出现、可追溯性管理如何支持协作、协作如何与可追溯性管理方法相关,以及开发工作的哪些特征会影响可追溯性管理和协作。我们发现从业者面临以下挑战:(1) 跨团队和工具边界的协作,(2) 传达可追溯性的好处,以及 (3) 可追溯性维护。如果这些挑战得到解决,我们发现可追溯性可以促进分布式环境中的通信和知识管理。此外,存在多种具有多种协作方法的可追溯性管理方法,即以需求为中心、开发人员驱动、和混合方法。虽然在软件开发中可以利用敏捷和计划驱动的范式来利用可追溯性,但需要一定程度的严谨才能实现其优势并克服挑战。为了支持从业者,我们提供了协作可追溯性管理的原则。本文的主要贡献是文化、流程和组织如何影响追溯管理和协作的经验证据,以及支持从业者进行协作追溯管理的原则。我们表明,协作和可追溯性管理具有互惠互利的潜力——当投资于其中一项时,另一项也会受到积极影响。实现其好处和克服挑战需要一定程度的严谨。为了支持从业者,我们提供了协作可追溯性管理的原则。本文的主要贡献是关于文化、流程和组织如何影响追溯管理和协作的经验证据,以及支持从业人员进行协作追溯管理的原则。我们表明,协作和可追溯性管理具有互惠互利的潜力——当投资于其中一项时,另一项也会受到积极影响。实现其好处和克服挑战需要一定程度的严谨。为了支持从业者,我们提供了协作可追溯性管理的原则。本文的主要贡献是关于文化、流程和组织如何影响追溯管理和协作的经验证据,以及支持从业人员进行协作追溯管理的原则。我们表明,协作和可追溯性管理具有互惠互利的潜力——当投资于其中一项时,另一项也会受到积极影响。和原则,以支持从业人员进行协作可追溯性管理。我们表明,协作和可追溯性管理具有互惠互利的潜力——当投资于其中一项时,另一项也会受到积极影响。和原则,以支持从业人员进行协作可追溯性管理。我们表明,协作和可追溯性管理具有互惠互利的潜力——当投资于其中一项时,另一项也会受到积极影响。
更新日期:2018-11-21
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