The future of e-mobility will consist of a large number of connected electric vehicles, smart charging stations and information systems at the intersection of electricity and mobility sector. When engineering and integrating the multitude of systems into even more complex systems-of-systems for e-mobility, interoperability and complexity handling are vital. Model-based system architectures support the engineering process of information systems with the concepts of abstraction, reduction and separation of concerns. In this paper, we contribute to the research body, by extracting requirements for managing complexity and interoperability of these systems. Further, a comparative analysis of the state-of-the-art in existing architecture models and frameworks for e-mobility is conducted. Based on the identified gaps in existing research, we propose the E-Mobility Systems Architecture (EMSA) Model, a three-dimensional systems architecture model for the e-mobility sector. Its structure originates from the well-established Smart Grid Architecture Model. We further allocate all relevant entities from the e-mobility sector to the EMSA dimensions, including a harmonized role model, functional reference architecture, component and systems allocation, as well as a mapping of data standards and communication protocols. The model then is validated qualitatively and quantitatively against the requirements with a case study approach. Our evaluation shows that the EMSA Model fulfills all requirements regarding the management of complexity and ensuring interoperability. From the case study, we further identify gaps in current data model standardization for e-mobility.

中文翻译：

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电动汽车系统架构：用于管理复杂性和互操作性的基于模型的框架

电动汽车的未来将包括大量的电动汽车，智能充电站和信息系统，这些电动汽车将在电力和交通领域相交。在进行工程设计并将众多系统集成到更复杂的系统中进行电动出行时，互操作性和复杂性处理至关重要。基于模型的系统架构以抽象，减少和分离关注点的概念支持信息系统的工程过程。在本文中，我们通过提取管理这些系统的复杂性和互操作性的要求，为研究机构做出了贡献。此外，对现有的电动汽车架构模型和框架中的最新技术进行了比较分析。根据现有研究中发现的差距，我们提出了电动汽车系统架构（EMSA）模型，这是用于电动汽车领域的三维系统架构模型。其结构源自完善的智能电网架构模型。我们进一步将所有相关实体从电动汽车行业分配到EMSA各个维度，包括协调的角色模型，功能参考体系结构，组件和系统分配，以及数据标准和通信协议的映射。然后使用案例研究方法根据要求对模型进行定性和定量验证。我们的评估表明，EMSA模型满足有关复杂性管理和确保互操作性的所有要求。从案例研究中，我们进一步确定了电动汽车当前数据模型标准化方面的差距。