Purpose of Review

We use the ‘seascape’ concept to explore how interactions between mangrove forests, tidal marshes and seagrass influence the storage of carbon in these ecosystems. Mangrove forests, with the other two ‘blue carbon’ habitats, are exceptionally powerful carbon sinks. Maintaining and enhancing these sinks is an emerging priority in climate change mitigation. However, managing any one ecosystem on its own risks is ignoring important contextual drivers of carbon storage emerging from its place in the seascape. We consider how interactions between these coastal habitats directly or indirectly affect the amounts of carbon they can store.

Recent Findings

The export of carbon from seagrasses may occur over hundreds or thousands of kilometres, much further than reported for mangroves or tidal marshes. Seagrasses may buffer mangroves from wave impacts, assisting forest regeneration. Trophic cascades supported by contiguous blue carbon habitat may limit excessive herbivory and bioturbation in them but evidence is limited.

Summary

Direct transfers of carbon between blue carbon habitats are common and are likely to enhance total carbon storage, but our understanding of their contribution to carbon stocks at the seascape level is elementary. There is evidence for indirect enhancement of carbon storage at the seascape by close association of habitats, mostly through the creation and maintenance of propitious conditions by one ecosystem for another. Protection from waves of mangroves by seagrass and protection from excess nutrients and sediment of seagrass by mangroves and tidal marsh are key mechanisms. There is little evidence or theory suggesting negative effects on carbon storage of one blue carbon habitat on another.

中文翻译：

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沿海海景中的碳：红树林，海草草甸和潮汐沼泽之间的相互作用如何影响碳储量

审查目的

我们使用“海景”概念来探索红树林，潮汐沼泽和海草之间的相互作用如何影响这些生态系统中的碳存储。红树林和其他两个“蓝碳”栖息地是异常强大的碳汇。保持和加强这些汇是缓解气候变化的一项新的优先重点。但是，任何一个生态系统的风险管理都忽略了碳存储从其在海洋中的位置出现的重要背景驱动因素。我们考虑这些沿海生境之间的相互作用如何直接或间接影响它们可以储存的碳量。

最近的发现

海草碳的出口可能长达数百或数千公里，远比报道的红树林或潮汐沼泽要远。海草可能会缓冲红树林免受海浪的影响，从而帮助森林再生。连续的蓝碳生境支持的营养级联可能会限制其中过多的食草和生物扰动，但证据有限。

概要

碳在蓝色碳生境之间的直接转移很普遍，并且可能会增加总碳的储存，但是我们对它们在海景级别对碳储量的贡献的理解是基本的。有证据表明，栖息地的紧密联系可以间接增强海景处的碳储存，主要是通过一个生态系统为另一个生态系统创造和维持有利条件。海草保护免受红树林浪潮的影响，红树林和潮汐沼泽保护海藻免受过多的养分和沉积物是关键机制。几乎没有证据或理论表明对一个蓝色碳栖息地的另一碳栖息地的碳储存有负面影响。