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Unravelling the variability and causes of smallholder maize yield gaps in Ethiopia
Food Security ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-02 , DOI: 10.1007/s12571-019-00981-4
Banchayehu Tessema Assefa , Jordan Chamberlin , Pytrik Reidsma , João Vasco Silva , Martin K. van Ittersum

Ethiopia has achieved the second highest maize yield in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, farmers’ maize yields are still much lower than on-farm and on-station trial yields, and only ca. 20% of the estimated water-limited potential yield. This article provides a comprehensive national level analysis of the drivers of maize yields in Ethiopia, by decomposing yield gaps into efficiency, resource and technology components, and accounting for a broad set of detailed input and crop management choices. Stochastic frontier analysis was combined with concepts of production ecology to estimate and explain technically efficient yields, the efficiency yield gap and the resource yield gap. The technology yield gap was estimated based on water-limited potential yields from the Global Yield Gap Atlas. The relative magnitudes of the efficiency, resource and technology yield gaps differed across farming systems; they ranged from 15% (1.6 t/ha) to 21% (1.9 t/ha), 12% (1.3 t/ha) to 25% (2.3 t/ha) and 54% (4.8 t/ha) to 73% (7.8 t/ha), respectively. Factors that reduce the efficiency yield gap include: income from non-farm sources, value of productive assets, education and plot distance from home. The resource yield gap can be explained by sub-optimal input use, from a yield perspective. The technology yield gap comprised the largest share of the total yield gap, partly due to limited use of fertilizer and improved seeds. We conclude that targeted but integrated policy design and implementation is required to narrow the overall maize yield gap and improve food security.

中文翻译:

解开埃塞俄比亚小农玉米产量差距的可变性和原因

埃塞俄比亚的玉米产量在撒哈拉以南非洲位居第二。然而,农民的玉米单产仍远低于农场和站台试验单产,仅约 估计限水潜在产量的 20%。本文通过将产量差距分解为效率、资源和技术组成部分,并考虑广泛的详细投入和作物管理选择,对埃塞俄比亚玉米产量的驱动因素进行了全面的国家层面分析。随机前沿分析结合生产生态学的概念来估计和解释技术有效产量、效率产量差距和资源产量差距。技术产量差距是根据全球产量差距地图集的限水潜在产量估算的。效率的相对大小,不同农业系统的资源和技术产量差距不同;它们的范围从 15%(1.6 吨/公顷)到 21%(1.9 吨/公顷)、12%(1.3 吨/公顷)到 25%(2.3 吨/公顷)和 54%(4.8 吨/公顷)到 73% (7.8 吨/公顷),分别。缩小效率产量差距的因素包括:来自非农业来源的收入、生产性资产的价值、教育和离家的地块距离。从产量的角度来看,资源产量差距可以通过次优投入使用来解释。技术产量差距占总产量差距的最大份额,部分原因是肥料使用有限和改良种子。我们的结论是,需要有针对性但综合的政策设计和实施来缩小玉米总产量差距并改善粮食安全。3 吨/公顷)和 54%(4.8 吨/公顷)至 73%(7.8 吨/公顷)。缩小效率产量差距的因素包括:来自非农业来源的收入、生产性资产的价值、教育和离家的地块距离。从产量的角度来看,资源产量差距可以通过次优投入使用来解释。技术产量差距占总产量差距的最大份额,部分原因是肥料使用有限和改良种子。我们的结论是,需要有针对性但综合的政策设计和实施来缩小玉米总产量差距并改善粮食安全。3 吨/公顷)和 54%(4.8 吨/公顷)至 73%(7.8 吨/公顷)。缩小效率产量差距的因素包括:来自非农业来源的收入、生产性资产的价值、教育和离家的地块距离。从产量的角度来看,资源产量差距可以通过次优投入使用来解释。技术产量差距占总产量差距的最大份额,部分原因是肥料使用有限和改良种子。我们的结论是,需要有针对性但综合的政策设计和实施来缩小玉米总产量差距并改善粮食安全。从收益率来看。技术产量差距占总产量差距的最大份额,部分原因是肥料使用有限和改良种子。我们的结论是,需要有针对性但综合的政策设计和实施来缩小玉米总产量差距并改善粮食安全。从收益率来看。技术产量差距占总产量差距的最大份额,部分原因是肥料使用有限和改良种子。我们的结论是,需要有针对性但综合的政策设计和实施来缩小玉米总产量差距并改善粮食安全。
更新日期:2019-12-02
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