Artemisinins, as a class of bioactive molecules, are mainly derived from the extracts of Artemisia annua L. and are the mainstay for malaria treatment, including severe malaria, uncomplicated malaria and multi-drug resistant malaria. They are well-known for their good tolerability, safety and rapid onset of action. Their efficacy is not only limited to malaria but also extends to a variety of human diseases such as cancer, tuberculosis, viral diseases (e.g. Human cytomegalovirus), immune diseases and parasitic infections like schistosomiasis. Being a cheap and safe drug class, which saves millions of lives at risk from malaria around the globe, can also have significant potential in oncology as they have shown anti-cancer properties in both cell lines and animal models. Active derivatives (e.g. artesunate, artemether and arteether etc.) have also been synthesized which can be used for oral, rectal, intramuscular and intravenous administration. A comprehensive update on the non-malarial use of artemisinins and/or their derivatives and artemisinin-based drug development beyond anti-malarial is discussed in this review. With the collaborative efforts in the clinical pharmacology of artemisinins and novel synthesis of artemisinin analogues, it is likely that artemisinin-based drugs will become an important armamentarium impeding a number of diseases beyond malaria.

中文翻译：

---

青蒿素超越抗疟药的生物活性：审查。

青蒿素作为一类生物活性分子，主要来源于青蒿的提取物，是疟疾治疗的主要手段，包括严重的疟疾，不复杂的疟疾和耐多种药物的疟疾。它们以其良好的耐受性，安全性和起效快而闻名。它们的功效不仅限于疟疾，而且还扩展到多种人类疾病，例如癌症，结核病，病毒性疾病（例如人类巨细胞病毒）），免疫性疾病和诸如血吸虫病的寄生虫感染。作为一种既便宜又安全的药物类别，因为它在细胞系和动物模型中均显示出抗癌特性，因此可以在全球范围内挽救数百万因疟疾而处于危险中的生命，在肿瘤学领域也具有巨大的潜力。还合成了可用于口服，直肠，肌内和静脉内给药的活性衍生物（例如青蒿琥酯，青蒿醚和青蒿醚等）。这篇综述讨论了关于非疟疾使用青蒿素和/或其衍生物以及基于青蒿素的抗疟疾以外药物开发的全面更新。在青蒿素的临床药理学和青蒿素类似物的新颖合成方面的共同努力下，