To what extent an individual is successful in a variety of outcomes is the result of multiple factors such as (but not limited to) parental background, level of education, discrimination and business cycles. Factors like these also indicate that the success in life can be attributable to factors that both take individual-level merits into account but also to structural factors such as discrimination and contextual effects. Over the last decades, a growing interest in decomposing and categorising factors that affect the life chances of individuals has led to the formation of inequality of opportunity as a research field. This paper builds upon this growing literature, which amounts to quantify the contribution of factors that lie beyond the control of individuals to the total inequality observed in different spheres of life. Using rich Swedish longitudinal register data, we are able to follow individuals over time and their educational attainment during upbringing and later labour market outcomes. In difference from other inequality of opportunity studies, we make use of an egocentric neighbourhood approach to integrate the socio-economic composition of the parental neighbourhood in an inequality model and illustrate its contribution to the total inequality in both outcomes quantitatively. Using multilevel regression analyses, we show that the parental neighbourhood is highly influential in educational attainment and remains so for market outcomes even years after exposure.

中文翻译：

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地理贡献多少？使用量身定制的邻里方法衡量机会不平等

个人在各种结果上取得成功的程度是多种因素的结果，例如（但不限于）父母背景，受教育程度，歧视和商业周期。诸如此类的因素也表明，生活的成功可以归因于既考虑个人水平优点的因素，也归因于歧视和背景影响等结构性因素。在过去的几十年中，对分解和分类影响个人生命机会的因素的兴趣日益浓厚，导致机会不平等的形成成为研究领域。本文建立在不断增长的文献的基础上，这些文献量化了超出个人控制范围的因素对在不同生活领域中观察到的总不平等的贡献。利用丰富的瑞典纵向登记数据，我们可以在成长和以后的劳动力市场成果过程中随时间追踪个人及其教育程度。与机会研究的其他不平等现象不同，我们使用以自我为中心的邻里方法将父母邻里的社会经济构成整合到一个不平等模型中，并定量地说明其对两个结果中总不平等的贡献。使用多级回归分析，我们显示，父母邻里对受教育程度有很大的影响，即使在暴露多年后，对于市场结果也是如此。与机会研究的其他不平等现象不同，我们使用以自我为中心的邻里方法将父母邻里的社会经济构成整合到一个不平等模型中，并定量地说明其对两个结果中总不平等的贡献。使用多级回归分析，我们显示，父母邻里对受教育程度有很大的影响，即使在暴露多年后，对于市场结果也是如此。与机会研究的其他不平等现象不同，我们使用以自我为中心的邻里方法将父母邻里的社会经济构成整合到一个不平等模型中，并定量地说明其对两个结果中总不平等的贡献。使用多级回归分析，我们显示，父母邻里对受教育程度有很大的影响，即使在暴露多年后，对于市场结果也是如此。