Aircraft maintenance is a critical success factor in the aviation sector, and incorrect maintenance actions themselves can be the cause of accidents. Judgemental errors are the top causal factors of maintenance-related aviation accidents. This study asks why judgemental errors occur in maintenance. Referring to six aviation accidents, we show how various biases contributed to those accidents. We first filtered aviation accident reports, looking for accidents linked to errors in maintenance judgements. We analysed the investigation reports, as well as the relevant interview transcriptions. Then we set the characteristics of the actions behind the accidents within the context of the literature and the taxonomy of reasons for judgemental biases. Our results demonstrate how various biases, such as theory-induced blindness, optimistic bias, and substitution bias misled maintenance technicians and eventually become the main cause of a catastrophe. We also find these biases are interrelated, with one causing another to develop. We discuss how these judgemental errors could relate to loss of situation awareness, and suggest interventions to mitigate them.

中文翻译：

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航空维修中的判断失误

飞机维修是航空业成功的关键因素，不正确的维修操作本身可能是事故的原因。判断错误是导致维修相关航空事故的首要因素。这项研究询问为什么在维护中会出现判断错误。参考六起航空事故，我们展示了各种偏见如何导致这些事故。我们首先过滤航空事故报告，寻找与维修判断错误相关的事故。我们分析了调查报告，以及相关的采访记录。然后，我们在文献和判断偏差原因分类法的背景下设定了事故背后的行为特征。我们的结果证明了各种偏见，例如理论导致的盲目性、乐观偏见、而替代偏见误导了维修技术人员，最终成为酿成大祸的主要原因。我们还发现这些偏见是相互关联的，一种会导致另一种偏见的发展。我们讨论这些判断错误如何与情境意识的丧失相关，并建议采取干预措施来减轻它们。