Brain injury in the full-term and near-term neonates is a significant cause of mortality and long-term morbidity, resulting in injury patterns distinct from that seen in premature infants and older patients. Therapeutic hypothermia improves long-term outcomes for many of these infants, but there is a continued search for therapies to enhance the plasticity of the newborn brain, resulting in long-term repair. It is likely that a combination strategy utilizing both early and late interventions may have the most benefit, capitalizing on endogenous mechanisms triggered by hypoxia or ischemia. Optimizing care of these critically ill newborns in the acute setting is also vital for improving both short- and long-term outcomes.

足月和近足月新生儿的脑损伤是死亡和长期发病的重要原因，其损伤模式与早产儿和老年患者不同。低温治疗可以改善许多婴儿的长期结局，但人们仍在继续寻找增强新生儿大脑可塑性的疗法，从而实现长期修复。利用早期和晚期干预的组合策略可能具有最大的益处，利用缺氧或缺血引发的内源性机制。在紧急情况下优化这些危重新生儿的护理对于改善短期和长期结果也至关重要。