Testing a software system is an important step approach to ensuring quality, safety, and reliability in safety-critical systems (SCS). Several authors have published new approaches to improve the processes of testing safety requirements taking into consideration existing processes that seek to improve techniques and contribute positively with software developers. This article aims to investigate the main approaches to requirements testing, particularly focusing on safety requirements in the context of SCS. We investigated how these approaches have been developed and what contributions they provide to academia and industry. We evaluated the pros and cons of the approaches and how they related to the joint work of requirements engineers and testers. We performed a systematic literature review (SLR), selecting 53 papers published between 1990 and 2018. Our research was conducted according to the guidelines proposed by Kitchenham and Biolchini. The results of this SLR point out to the new research related to the software and safety-critical systems testing. The results show issues in the integration of requirements engineers with the application test team and gaps in the approaches found, particularly in the applications of the techniques in the industry setting. Moreover, several approaches are presented to solve problems and help to prevent future problems. The results of this research point to the main approaches to requirements testing and their use in academia and industry, as well as the advantages and disadvantages. The shortcomings allow us to suggest new research in safety-critical systems in the scope of validation, verification, specification, and testing of safety requirements, as well as to integrate test teams with requirements engineers in order to get better results. Based on the results, we suggest future studies for improvements in the requirements testing techniques to improve the integration of safety requirements and test cases.

中文翻译：

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软件需求测试方法：系统的文献综述

测试软件系统是确保安全关键系统 (SCS) 的质量、安全性和可靠性的重要步骤。考虑到寻求改进技术并为软件开发人员做出积极贡献的现有过程，几位作者发表了新方法来改进测试安全要求的过程。本文旨在研究需求测试的主要方法，特别关注 SCS 背景下的安全需求。我们调查了这些方法是如何开发的，以及它们对学术界和工业界的贡献。我们评估了这些方法的优缺点以及它们与需求工程师和测试人员的联合工作的关系。我们进行了系统的文献综述 (SLR)，选择了 1990 年至 2018 年间发表的 53 篇论文。我们的研究是根据 Kitchenham 和 Biolchini 提出的指导方针进行的。该 SLR 的结果指出了与软件和安全关键系统测试相关的新研究。结果显示了需求工程师与应用程序测试团队集成方面的问题以及所发现方法的差距，特别是在行业环境中的技术应用方面。此外，还提出了几种方法来解决问题并有助于防止未来出现问题。这项研究的结果指出了需求测试的主要方法及其在学术界和工业界的使用，以及优缺点。这些缺点使我们能够在验证、验证、规范和安全需求测试，以及将测试团队与需求工程师整合以获得更好的结果。基于这些结果，我们建议未来研究改进需求测试技术，以改进安全需求和测试用例的集成。