Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, will probably become the third cause of death in the world by the year 2020. Lack of effective treatments approved for TBI is a major health problem. TBI is a heterogeneous disease due to the different mechanisms of injury. Therefore, it requires combination therapies or multipotential therapy that can affect multiple targets. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation has considered one of the most promising therapeutic strategies to repair of brain injuries including TBI. In these studies, it has been shown that MSCs can migrate to the site of injury and differentiate into the cells secreting growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The reduction in brain edema, neuroinflammation, microglia accumulation, apoptosis, ischemia, the improvement of motor and cognitive function, and the enhancement in neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and neural stem cells survival, proliferation, and differentiation have been indicated in these studies. However, translation of MSCs research in TBI into a clinical setting will require additional preclinical trials.

中文翻译：

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间充质干细胞能否在创伤性脑损伤中发挥多能作用？

颅脑外伤（TBI）是全世界发病率和死亡率的主要原因，到2020年，可能会成为世界上第三大死亡原因。TBI缺乏有效的治疗方法是一个主要的健康问题。由于损伤机制不同，TBI是一种异质性疾病。因此，它需要可以影响多个目标的联合疗法或多能疗法。近年来，间充质干细胞（MSCs）移植被认为是修复包括TBI在内的脑损伤的最有前途的治疗策略之一。在这些研究中，已表明MSC可迁移至损伤部位并分化为分泌生长因子和抗炎细胞因子的细胞。脑水肿，神经炎症，小胶质细胞蓄积，细胞凋亡，局部缺血，这些研究表明，运动和认知功能的改善以及神经发生，血管生成以及神经干细胞存活，增殖和分化的增强。但是，将TBI中的MSCs研究转化为临床需要额外的临床前试验。