Purpose of Review

1,2,3-Trichloropropane (TCP) is a synthetic chemical with known and suspected human health effects associated with exposure. In response to the identification of TCP in environmental media, several states in the United States (US) have set maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for TCP in drinking water and guidance values for TCP in groundwater. Current treatment methods for TCP in groundwater are limited and can be cost prohibitive. The purpose of this review is to summarize the state of knowledge on TCP remedial technologies and describe efforts to develop and validate promising treatment methods.

Recent Findings

In situ chemical reduction (ISCR) and in situ bioremediation (ISB) have shown the most potential for TCP remediation. ISCR of TCP by zero-valent zinc (ZVZ) has been evaluated for several years through bench-scale testing, field-scale column testing, and a pilot-scale ZVZ injection program. Additional injections are ongoing to assess the long-term efficacy of ISCR. ISB under anaerobic conditions has been evaluated in laboratory studies and at the field scale with bioaugmentation. Field-scale evaluation of ISB is also ongoing.

Summary

This review provides an overview of TCP, including use, physicochemical properties, fate and transport, health effects, and current regulation. The states of treatment technologies for TCP are detailed, including granular activated carbon (GAC), ISCR, ISB, and chemical oxidation. Case studies and notable findings are described for ISCR and ISB. While knowledge gaps remain for ISCR and ISB, results to date for these technologies are encouraging.

中文翻译：

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地下水中1,2,3-三氯丙烷修复技术的开发与验证

审查目的

1,2,3-三氯丙烷（TCP）是一种合成化学品，具有与暴露有关的已知和怀疑的人类健康影响。为了识别环境介质中的TCP，美国几个州已设定饮用水中TCP的最大污染物水平（MCL）和地下水中TCP的指导值。目前用于地下水中TCP的处理方法是有限的，并且成本太高。这篇综述的目的是总结有关TCP补救技术的知识状态，并描述开发和验证有前途的治疗方法的努力。

最近的发现

原位化学还原（ISCR）和原位生物修复（ISB）已显示出TCP修复的最大潜力。零价锌（ZVZ）对TCP的ISCR进行了数年的评估，包括实验室规模的测试，现场规模的色谱柱测试以及中试规模的ZVZ进样程序。正在进行其他注射以评估ISCR的长期疗效。在厌氧条件下的ISB已在实验室研究中进行了评估，并在现场进行了生物强化。ISB的现场规模评估也在进行中。

概要

这篇综述概述了TCP，包括用途，理化特性，命运和运输，健康影响以及当前法规。详细介绍了TCP的处理技术状态，包括粒状活性炭（GAC），ISCR，ISB和化学氧化。针对ISCR和ISB描述了案例研究和值得注意的发现。尽管ISCR和ISB的知识差距仍然存在，但迄今为止，这些技术的成果令人鼓舞。