Context Although saproxylic beetles use deadwood in industrial exotic forest plantations, deadwood and historical land use patterns may interact among each other making difficult the implementation sustainable management intended to conserve saproxylic beetle diversity. Objectives We assessed the additive and interactive effects of deadwood and landscape-scale variables on alpha (α) and gamma (γ) diversity of saproxylic beetles. Methods We installed 1034 traps in 80 stands of pine/eucalyptus plantations, clear-cuts and native forest distributed in 29 1-km radius landscape units. Deadwood amount/diversity and composition (native vs. exotic) were estimated for each habitat. A 14-year image time series was used to estimate the cover of native forest and the temporal coefficient of variation of clear-cut cover, CV(CC), an indicator of how extensive clear-cut areas have been in each landscape. Results The amount/diversity of deadwood affected positively the α-diversity of all species, but its effect turned negative in clear cut stands. Exotic deadwood had an overall negative effect on α diversity of fungivores and was more marked as the cover of native forest increased within landscapes. The γ diversity of all species and predators responded negatively to CV(CC), while fungivores responded negatively to the current native forest cover. Deadwood and landscape-scale management had nonlinear effects on γ diversity, with the deadwood composition effect being dependent on clear-cut cover. All species and predators were less diverse as the proportion of exotic deadwood increased, but this effect turned positive within landscapes with high CV(CC). Conclusions Landscape-scale forest management has long- and short-term effects on saproxylic beetles that are modulated by deadwood and propagate through species functional dimensions.

中文翻译：

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异国情调森林人工林的景观规模管理：枯木和砍伐同步之间的协同作用调节腐木甲虫的多样性

背景虽然腐木甲虫在工业化外来森林人工林中使用枯木，枯木和历史土地利用模式可能相互作用，使得旨在保护腐木甲虫多样性的可持续管理的实施变得困难。目标我们评估了枯木和景观尺度变量对腐木甲虫的 alpha (α) 和 gamma (γ) 多样性的累加和交互影响。方法 我们在分布在 29 个 1 公里半径景观单元中的 80 个松树/桉树人工林、砍伐林和原生林中安装了 1034 个诱捕器。估计每个栖息地的枯木数量/多样性和组成（本地与外来）。使用 14 年图像时间序列估计原始森林覆盖率和清除覆盖率的时间变异系数 CV(CC)，每个景观中清晰区域的广泛程度的指标。结果枯木的数量/多样性对所有树种的α-多样性有积极影响，但在砍伐林分中其影响转为消极。外来枯木对食真菌动物的 α 多样性具有总体负面影响，并且随着景观中原生森林覆盖率的增加而更为显着。所有物种和捕食者的 γ 多样性对 CV(CC) 作出负面反应，而食真菌动物对当前的原生森林覆盖情况作出负面反应。枯木和景观尺度管理对 γ 多样性具有非线性影响，枯木组成效应依赖于清晰的覆盖。随着外来​​枯木比例的增加，所有物种和捕食者的多样性降低，但这种影响在高 CV(CC) 的景观中变得积极。