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Bioerosion ichnotaxa: review and annotated list
Facies ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s10347-019-0561-8
Max Wisshak , Dirk Knaust , Markus Bertling

AbstractA remarkable diversity of bioerosion trace fossils is reflected by the plethora of ichnotaxa that has been proposed for these structures during the past two centuries. Bioerosion traces include microborings, macroborings, grazing traces, attachment etchings, and predation traces. They occur in calcareous, siliceous, osteic, and xylic substrates, and are known or interpreted to be produced by tracemakers as diverse as bacteria, fungi, algae, invertebrates, and vertebrates. This review presents the status quo of an inventory of all bioerosion ichnotaxa currently recognized as valid, comprising 123 ichnogenera and 339 ichnospecies, including 45 combinationes novae, the majority of which on account of fossil sponge bioerosion traces formerly grouped within the sponge biotaxon Cliona. In addition, the spelling of several ichnotaxa has to be corrected, leading to eight nomina corrigenda, and three cases of primary or secondary homonymy require establishing nomina nova, i.e., the new ichnogenus name Irhopalia replacing Rhopalia Radtke, 1991, as well as the new ichnospecies names Entobia morrisi replacing E. glomerata (Morris, 1851) and Entobia tuberculata replacing E. mammillata Bromley and D’Alessandro, 1984, respectively. Ichnotaxa of dubious or invalid nomenclatural status currently include an additional 76 ichnogenera and 157 ichnospecies. The invalid ichnogenus Ipites is herein reinstated as new ichnogenus. Considering that only four valid (and one invalid) ichnofamilies had previously been established for bioerosion ichnotaxa, we here introduce a suite of 14 additional ichnofamilies: Gastrochaenolitidae, Talpinidae, Entobiaidae, Planobulidae, Ichnoreticulinidae, Saccomorphidae, Centrichnidae, Renichnidae, Podichnidae, Gnathichnidae, Circolitidae, Oichnidae, Belichnidae, and Machichnidae. During the past five decades, the number of valid bioerosion ichnotaxa has more than quadrupled, reflecting a boost in bioerosion research, but also indicating the need for ichnotaxonomic consolidation in concert with a revision of key ichnogenera. In this context, the aim of this overview is to call for feedback from the research community in order to foster completeness of this list and to provide ichnotaxonomic stability. Furthermore, we want to raise awareness of the existence of the listed ichnotaxa, many of which obviously have remained unconsidered or forgotten for a long time.

中文翻译:

Bioerosion ichnotaxa:审查和注释列表

摘要 生物侵蚀痕迹化石的显着多样性反映在过去两个世纪中为这些结构提出的过多的鱼纲。生物侵蚀痕迹包括微孔、大孔、掠过痕迹、附着蚀刻和捕食痕迹。它们存在于钙质、硅质、骨质和木质基质中,已知或解释为由细菌、真菌、藻类、无脊椎动物和脊椎动物等多种示踪剂产生。这篇综述介绍了目前公认有效的所有生物侵蚀鱼类目清单的现状,包括 123 种鱼属和 339 种鱼种,包括 45 种组合新星,其中大部分是由于化石海绵生物侵蚀痕迹以前归入海绵生物类群 Cliona。此外,几个 ichnotaxa 的拼写必须更正,导致 8 个 nomina corrigenda,三个主要或次要同名的情况需要建立 nomina nova,即新的 ichnogenus 名称 Irhopalia 取代 Rhopalia Radtke,1991,以及新的 ichnospecies 名称 Entobia morrisi 取代 E. glomerata (Morris, 1851) 和 Entobia tuberculata 分别取代 E. mammillata Bromley 和 D'Alessandro,1984。命名状态可疑或无效的鱼类目目前包括另外 76 种鱼属和 157 种鱼种。无效的 ichnogenus Ipites 被恢复为新的 ichnogenus。考虑到之前只为生物侵蚀 ichnotaxa 建立了四个有效(和一个无效)的 ichnofamilies,我们在这里介绍了一组 14 个额外的 ichnofamilies:Gastrochaenolitidae、Talpinidae、Entobiaidae、Planobulidae, Ichnoreticulinidae, Saccomorphidae, Centrichnidae, Renichnidae, Podichnidae, Gnathichnidae, Circolitidae, Oichnidae, Belichnidae, 和 Machichnidae。在过去的五年中,有效的生物侵蚀 ichnotaxa 的数量增加了四倍多,这反映了生物侵蚀研究的推动,但也表明需要与关键 ichnogenera 的修订相一致地进行鱼类分类学整合。在这种情况下,本概述的目的是呼吁研究界提供反馈,以促进此列表的完整性并提供鱼类分类学的稳定性。此外,我们希望提高人们对列出的鱼蛞蝓存在的认识,其中许多显然长时间未被考虑或遗忘。鲟科、鲟科、鲽科、鲟科。在过去的五年中,有效的生物侵蚀 ichnotaxa 的数量增加了四倍多,这反映了生物侵蚀研究的推动,但也表明需要与关键 ichnogenera 的修订相一致地进行鱼类分类学整合。在这种情况下,本概述的目的是呼吁研究界提供反馈,以促进此列表的完整性并提供鱼类分类学的稳定性。此外,我们希望提高人们对列出的鱼蛞蝓存在的认识,其中许多显然长时间未被考虑或遗忘。鲟科、鲟科、鲽科、鲟科。在过去的五年中,有效的生物侵蚀 ichnotaxa 的数量增加了四倍多,这反映了生物侵蚀研究的推动,但也表明需要与关键 ichnogenera 的修订相一致地进行鱼类分类学整合。在这种情况下,本概述的目的是呼吁研究界提供反馈,以促进此列表的完整性并提供鱼类分类学的稳定性。此外,我们希望提高人们对列出的鱼蛞蝓存在的认识,其中许多显然长时间未被考虑或遗忘。但也表明需要在分类学内整合与关键 inogenera 的修订相一致。在这种情况下,本概述的目的是呼吁研究界提供反馈,以促进此列表的完整性并提供鱼类分类学的稳定性。此外,我们希望提高人们对列入清单的 Ichnotaxa 存在的认识,其中许多显然长时间未被考虑或遗忘。但也表明需要在分类学内整合与关键 inogenera 的修订相一致。在这种情况下,本概述的目的是呼吁研究界提供反馈,以促进此列表的完整性并提供鱼类分类学的稳定性。此外,我们希望提高人们对列出的鱼蛞蝓存在的认识,其中许多显然长时间未被考虑或遗忘。
更新日期:2019-04-01
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