The emergence of NDM-producing Escherichia coli has considerably threatened human and animal health worldwide. This study describes for the first time in Egypt, the draft genome sequences of emerging NDM-5-producing E. coli from humans and dogs, and investigates genetic relatedness between isolates from both sources. Two E. coli from human urine and seven from environmental clinical samples of dogs exhibited resistance to carbapenems and harbouring blaNDM were subjected to Illumina Miseq whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Assembly and analysis of the reads were performed to identify resistance genes, multilocus sequence types (MLST), plasmid replicon types (Inc) and insertion sequences (IS) of the blaNDM region; core genome MLST (cgMLST) analysis was also performed. Two different NDM alleles were identified; blaNDM-5 in E. coli HR119 from the urine of a healthy person and environmental samples of dogs, and blaNDM-1 in E. coli HR135 from a human patient's urine. Multiple mobilizable resistance genes to different antimicrobial classes were identified except the colistin resistance gene, mcr. E. coli isolates from humans and dogs were assigned to different sequence types (STs). Using cgMLST, dog isolates clustered together with only 1-2 allellic differences; however, human E. coli showed 1,978 different allelles compared with dog isolates. Plasmidfinder results indicated the presence of an IncX3 replicon in blaNDM-5 -producing E. coli; however, blaNDM-1 was linked to IncCoIKP3. Notably, the NDM region (3 Kb) in all isolates from humans and dogs was highly similar with variable flanking sequences that represented different IS elements. This study reports the first emergence of NDM-5-producing E. coli from dogs in Egypt that shared some genetic features with human isolates and could be considered potential public health threats.

中文翻译：

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在埃及，人类和狗之间正在产生新的生产NDM-5的大肠杆菌。

产生NDM的大肠杆菌的出现严重威胁着全世界的人类和动物健康。这项研究首次在埃及描述了从人和狗身上产生NDM-5的大肠杆菌的基因组序列草案，并研究了两种来源的分离株之间的遗传相关性。对人类尿液中的2株大肠杆菌和狗的环境临床样品中的7株表现出对碳青霉烯类药物具有抗性并带有blaNDM的大肠杆菌进行了Illumina Miseq全基因组测序（WGS）。进行读段的组装和分析以鉴定blaNDM区的抗性基因，多基因座序列类型（MLST），质粒复制子类型（Inc）和插入序列（IS）。还进行了核心基因组MLST（cgMLST）分析。确定了两个不同的NDM等位基因；E中的blaNDM-5。健康人尿液中的大肠杆菌HR119和狗的环境样本，人患者尿液中的大肠杆菌HR135中的blaNDM-1。除大肠杆菌素抗性基因mcr外，还鉴定了针对不同抗生素类别的多种可动员抗性基因。来自人和狗的大肠杆菌分离株被分配到不同的序列类型（ST）。使用cgMLST，狗分离株聚集在一起，只有1-2个等位基因差异。然而，与狗分离株相比，人类大肠杆菌显示了1,978个不同的等位基因。Plasmidfinder结果表明，在产生blaNDM-5的大肠杆菌中存在IncX3复制子。但是，blaNDM-1已链接到IncCoIKP3。值得注意的是，人和狗的所有分离物中的NDM区（3 Kb）与代表不同IS元素的可变侧翼序列高度相似。