The success of military operations depends on soldiers’ execution of the operation as well as resources used for the operation. However, this does not mean that more men and firepower will ensure victory. Military units, just like any other organization, are collections of distributed elements, and improving the organization or command and control (C2) structure of such elements will ultimately show the true power of more men and resources. This paper presents a case study comparing two C2 structures in a counterfire operation, which is a very realistic scenario in some parts of the world. We modeled each structure with meta-networks and agent-based simulations, and then determined why one structure has a better outcome in the simulation. In particular, we jointly analyze the virtual experiment and network metrics, i.e., centralities, to identify the important resources and human factors. This research provides critical insight and suggestions to reform the C2 structure based on quantitative findings. In terms of the C2 structure, assigning detection units to the decentralized echelon brings about the reduction of the time for the targeting process, while the strengthened gun power for multiple targets is proved to have strong influence from the operational perspective.

中文翻译：

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通过增强的命令和控制结构来改善逆火作战

军事行动的成功取决于士兵对行动的执行以及用于行动的资源。但是，这并不意味着更多的人员和火力将确保胜利。军事单位，就像任何其他组织一样，都是分布式要素的集合，而改善此类要素的组织或指挥与控制（C2）结构将最终显示出更多人员和资源的真正力量。本文提供了一个案例研究，比较了一次反火行动中的两种C2结构，这在世界某些地区是非常现实的情况。我们使用元网络和基于代理的模拟对每种结构进行建模，然后确定为什么一种结构在模拟中具有更好的结果。特别是，我们将共同分析虚拟实验和网络指标（即中心性，确定重要的资源和人为因素。这项研究提供了关键的见解和建议，以基于定量结果改革C2结构。在C2结构方面，将检测单元分配给分散的梯队可以减少瞄准过程的时间，而从作战角度来看，增强的针对多个目标的火炮力量具有强大的影响力。