Norms are utilised in agent societies to encourage acceptable behaviour by the participating agents. They can be established or revised from the top-down (authority) or from the bottom-up (populace). The study of norm creation from the bottom-up—or norm emergence/convergence—shows evidence of increasing activity. In consequence, we seek to analyse and categorize the approaches proposed in the literature for facilitating norm emergence. This paper makes three contributions to the study of norm emergence. Firstly, we present the different perspectives of norms and their impact on the norm emergence process, with the aim of comparing their similarities and differences in implementing the norm life cycle. Secondly, we identify the characteristics that support norm emergence that are observed in the emergence literature. Finally, we identify and propose future topics for study for the community, through a discussion of the challenges and opportunities in norm emergence.

中文翻译：

---

多主体系统中的规范出现：观点论文

规范在代理商社会中得到使用，以鼓励参与的代理商接受可接受的行为。可以从上至下（权限）或从下至上（人群）建立或修改它们。从下至上对规范创建的研究（或规范出现/趋同），显示了活动不断增加的证据。因此，我们试图对文献中提出的促进规范出现的方法进行分析和分类。本文对规范出现研究做出了三点贡献。首先，我们介绍了规范的不同观点及其对规范出现过程的影响，目的是比较它们在实施规范生命周期中的异同。其次，我们确定了出现文献中观察到的支持规范出现的特征。最后，