ABSTRACT Inocybe (Inocybaceae) is one of the most diverse ectomycorrhizal genera in arctic and alpine habitats where the primary hosts are Salix, Betula, and Dryas. Subgenus Inocybe is common in these habitats and typically characterized by the presence of thick-walled pleurocystidia. Here, we focus on species that have angular or nodulose spores. Historically, over 30 taxa from this group have been reported from arctic and alpine habitats. Many names have been synonymized, whereas molecular analysis has revealed new species. Nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) sequence data of 26 type specimens in this group now allow for further taxonomic clarification and comparison across continents of disjunct populations. Here, we compare ITS sequence data and the D1–D2 portion of nuc 28S rDNA (28S) from Rocky Mountain specimens with those of types and European reference material. We report 10 species from the Rocky Mountain alpine zone, all of which are conspecific with known European boreal, montane, or alpine species, and four are described as new; all have intercontinental distributions. Nodulose-spored Inocybe taxa that occur in the Rocky Mountain alpine zone include I. alpinomarginata, sp. nov., I. arctica, I. giacomi, I. leonina, I. murina, sp. nov., I. occulta, I. paragiacomi, sp. nov., I. phaeocystidiosa, I. purpureobadia, and I. subgiacomi, sp. nov. Remarkably, these species occur at elevations up to 4000 m and at latitudes as low as 36°N, hundreds of miles from the Arctic, the European alpine, and original type localities. Distributions are explained in part by host distributions and historical glaciation patterns. A key and full descriptions for Rocky mountain species are provided to promote species recognition.

中文翻译：

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来自落基山高山带的结节孢菌 Inocybe 与欧洲标本和模式标本有分子联系

摘要 Inocybe (Inocybaceae) 是北极和高山栖息地中最多样化的外生菌根属之一，主要宿主是柳属、桦属和树妖。亚属 Inocybe 在这些栖息地中很常见，通常以存在厚壁胸膜囊肿为特征。在这里，我们专注于具有角状或球状孢子的物种。从历史上看，来自北极和高山栖息地的该组的 30 多个分类群已被报道。许多名称已被同义，而分子分析揭示了新物种。该组中 26 个类型标本的 Nuc rDNA 内部转录间隔区 ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) 序列数据现在允许进一步分类澄清和跨大陆分离种群的比较。这里，我们将落基山标本的 ITS 序列数据和 nuc 28S rDNA (28S) 的 D1-D2 部分与类型和欧洲参考材料的数据进行比较。我们报告了落基山高山带的 10 个物种，所有这些物种都与已知的欧洲北方、山地或高山物种同种，其中四个被描述为新物种；都有洲际分布。发生在落基山高山地带的结节孢菌 Inocybe 分类群包括 I. alpinomarginata, sp. nov., I. arctica, I. giacomi, I. leonina, I. murina, sp. nov., I. occulta, I. paragiacomi, sp. nov., I. phaeocystidiosa, I. purpureobadia, 和 I. subgiacomi, sp. 十一月 值得注意的是，这些物种出现在海拔高达 4000 米、纬度低至北纬 36°、距离北极、欧洲高山和原始类型地区数百英里的地方。分布部分由宿主分布和历史冰川模式解释。提供了落基山脉物种的关键和完整描述，以促进物种识别。