ABSTRACT The main objective of this research was to study remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils after treating with granular activated carbon (AC) in combination with diatomite and a biopreparation (BP). Bioremediation rate and properties of petroleum-contaminated soils were used to explore associated mechanisms. Experiments were conducted under microfield conditions with three types of soils surficially contaminated with crude oil followed by weathering. Soil samples were amended with BP and two doses of AC (in combination or separately) or with diatomite alone (D) and mixed with AC (ACD). Natural attenuation decreased the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the soils (initially 28–29 g kg−1) by 50% at 2 and 72% at 13 months. More efficient reduction of TPH (by 81% at 2 and 85% at 13 months) was achieved during the same period via in situ bioremediation by activating indigenous petroleum degraders, whereas the impact of BP alone was negligible. Soil amendment with the ACD mixture produced the best results; TPH content was reduced by 90% at 2 and 92% at 13 months, and soil phytotoxicity was low during most of the incubation period. Results demonstrated the potential of ACD as an adsorbent for accelerated bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soils. Addition of the ACD mixture creates better conditions for degrading microorganisms and plant growth due to reversible adsorption of toxic petroleum components and metabolites, an increase in soil water-holding capacity, and total porosity, as well as a liming effect, increased plant resistance to abiotic stress in the presence of ACD, and better availability of compounds adsorbed to AC in the presence of diatomite.

中文翻译：

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活性炭和其他添加剂对石油污染土壤生物修复速率和特性的影响

摘要 本研究的主要目的是研究用颗粒活性炭 (AC) 结合硅藻土和生物制剂 (BP) 处理石油污染土壤后的修复。石油污染土壤的生物修复率和性质被用来探索相关机制。实验在微田条件下进行，三种类型的土壤表面被原油污染，然后风化。土壤样品用 BP 和两剂 AC（组合或单独）或单独使用硅藻土 (D) 并与 AC (ACD) 混合进行修正。自然衰减使土壤中总石油烃 (TPH) 的浓度（最初为 28-29 g kg-1）在 2 个月时降低了 50%，在 13 个月时降低了 72%。在同一时期，通过激活本地石油降解剂，通过原位生物修复实现了更有效的 TPH 降低（2 个月时 81% 和 13 个月时 85%），而仅 BP 的影响可以忽略不计。使用 ACD 混合物进行土壤改良的效果最好；TPH 含量在 2 个月时降低了 90%，在 13 个月时降低了 92%，并且在大部分潜伏期内土壤植物毒性较低。结果证明了 ACD 作为吸附剂的潜力，可以加速石油污染土壤的生物修复。由于有毒石油成分和代谢物的可逆吸附、土壤持水能力和总孔隙度的增加以及石灰效应，添加 ACD 混合物为降解微生物和植物生长创造了更好的条件，