The database is at the heart of any digital application. With the increased use of high-tech applications, the database is used to store important and sensitive information. Sensitive information storage leads to crimes related to computer activities. Digital forensics is an investigation process to discover any un-trusted or malicious movement, which can be presented as testimony in a court of law. Database forensics is a subfield of digital forensics which focuses on detailed analysis of a database including its contents, log files, metadata, and data files depending on the type of database used. Database forensics research is in its mid age and has not got awareness as compare to digital forensics research. The reason behind this is the internal complications of the database as well as the different dimensions to be considered for analysis. This review paper is focusing on the last ten years of research related to forensic analysis of relational and NoSQL databases along with the study of artifacts to be considered for database forensics. This review of the current state of database forensics research will serve as a resource to move forward as far as research and investigation are concerned.

数据库是任何数字应用程序的核心。随着高科技应用程序的日益普及，该数据库被用于存储重要和敏感​​的信息。敏感的信息存储会导致与计算机活动有关的犯罪。数字取证是一个调查过程，旨在发现任何不受信任或恶意的举动，可以将其作为证词提交法院。数据库取证是数字取证的一个子领域，其重点是对数据库进行详细分析，具体取决于所使用的数据库类型，包括其内容，日志文件，元数据和数据文件。数据库取证研究尚处于中年，与数字取证研究相比还没有意识到。这背后的原因是数据库的内部复杂性以及要进行分析的不同维度。本文将重点关注与关系数据库和NoSQL数据库的法医分析有关的最近十年研究，以及对数据库法医应考虑的工件的研究。本文对数据库取证研究的现状进行了回顾，将成为在研究和调查方面取得进展的资源。