Recent technological advances has led to the generation, storage, and sharing of colossal sets of information (‘big data’), and the expansion of ‘omics’ in science. To date, genomics/metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are arguably the most ground breaking approaches in food and public safety. Here we review some of the recent studies of foodborne pathogens (Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli) in poultry using big data. Genomic/metagenomic approaches have reveal the importance of the gut microbiota in health and disease. They have also been used to identify, monitor, and understand the epidemiology of antibiotic-resistance mechanisms and provide concrete evidence about the role of poultry in human infections. Transcriptomics studies have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology and immunopathology of foodborne pathogens in poultry and have led to the identification of host-resistance mechanisms. Proteomic/metabolomic approaches have aided in identifying biomarkers and the rapid detection of low levels of foodborne pathogens. Overall, ‘omics' approaches complement each other and may provide, at least in part, a solution to our current food-safety issues by facilitating the development of new rapid diagnostics, therapeutic drugs, and vaccines to control foodborne pathogens in poultry. However, at this time most ‘omics' approaches still remain underutilized due to their high cost and the high level of technical skills required.

中文翻译：

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翻译“大数据”：更好地了解宿主-病原体相互作用以控制家禽中的细菌食源性病原体

最近的技术进步导致了巨大信息集（“大数据”）的生成、存储和共享，以及“组学”在科学领域的扩展。迄今为止，基因组学/宏基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学可以说是食品和公共安全领域最具开创性的方法。在这里，我们回顾一些最近关于食源性病原体的研究（弯曲杆菌种，沙门氏菌种，和大肠杆菌) 在家禽中使用大数据。基因组/宏基因组方法揭示了肠道微生物群在健康和疾病中的重要性。它们还被用于识别、监测和了解抗生素耐药机制的流行病学，并为家禽在人类感染中的作用提供具体证据。转录组学研究增加了我们对家禽食源性病原体的病理生理学和免疫病理学的理解，并导致了宿主抗性机制的鉴定。蛋白质组学/代谢组学方法有助于识别生物标志物和快速检测低水平的食源性病原体。总体而言，“组学”方法相辅相成，可以通过促进新的快速诊断方法的开发，至少部分地为我们当前的食品安全问题提供解决方案，用于控制家禽食源性病原体的治疗药物和疫苗。然而，此时大多数“组学”方法仍然没有得到充分利用，因为它们成本高且需要高水平的技术技能。