Chloroplasts, the green plastid-type present in all photosynthetic organisms, are the physical place where photosynthesis and many other metabolic pathways occur. Chloroplasts are essential for plants, not only by performing photosynthesis but also due to the production of important compounds comprising a great variety of secondary metabolites, lipids, and plant hormones. The production of these compounds is highly regulated and coordinated with development in crops that have fruits with specialized plastids called chromoplasts. Study of plastid biology is essential to understand plant physiology and how plastid biogenesis and development impact plant growth. With the introduction of the genetic and genomic technologies to plant research the discovery and functional characterization of chloroplast proteins was boosted. Nowadays, technologies such as transcriptomics and proteomics are routinely used to assign functions to chloroplast proteins. The generation of high-throughput data sets allows a great increase in our knowledge about many chloroplast processes (e.g. pigment synthesis and accumulation, chloroplast to chromoplast transition, protein degradation) but also the possibility to apply these knowledge to genetically modify plants to improve beneficial traits (e.g. biomass, carotenoid content). The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of proteomic approaches for the study of plastid biology and how this technique speeds up the gain of knowledge in this field.

中文翻译：

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proteOMIC时代：深入了解质体生理的有用工具

叶绿体是所有光合作用生物中存在的绿色质体类型，是发生光合作用和许多其他代谢途径的物理场所。叶绿体对植物至关重要，不仅通过光合作用，而且还由于重要化合物的产生，这些化合物包含多种次生代谢产物，脂质和植物激素。这些化合物的生产受到高度调节，并与具有果实特质质体（称为色质体）的农作物生长协调。质体生物学的研究对于理解植物生理学以及质体的生物发生和发育如何影响植物生长至关重要。随着遗传和基因组技术的引入植物研究，促进了叶绿体蛋白的发现和功能表征。如今，诸如转录组学和蛋白质组学之类的技术通常用于赋予叶绿体蛋白功能。高通量数据集的产生极大地增加了我们对许多叶绿体过程（例如色素合成和积累，叶绿体向色体的过渡，蛋白质降解）的知识，而且还可能将这些知识应用于对植物进行遗传修饰以改善有益性状（例如生物量，类胡萝卜素含量）。这篇综述的目的是强调蛋白质组学方法在质体生物学研究中的重要性，以及该技术如何加快该领域知识的获取。高通量数据集的产生极大地增加了我们对许多叶绿体过程（例如色素合成和积累，叶绿体向色体的过渡，蛋白质降解）的知识，而且还可能将这些知识应用于对植物进行遗传修饰以改善有益性状（例如生物量，类胡萝卜素含量）。这篇综述的目的是强调蛋白质组学方法在质体生物学研究中的重要性，以及该技术如何加快该领域知识的获取。高通量数据集的产生极大地增加了我们对许多叶绿体过程（例如色素合成和积累，叶绿体向色体的过渡，蛋白质降解）的知识，而且还可能将这些知识应用于对植物进行遗传修饰以改善有益性状（例如生物量，类胡萝卜素含量）。这篇综述的目的是强调蛋白质组学方法在质体生物学研究中的重要性，以及该技术如何加快该领域知识的获取。